V1.31.0: armor holds Dexterity back

- All of a Dexterity modifier counts toward AC in light armor, at most +2 in medium armor, none in heavy armor, going by the equipped item's kind - The gear card says when the armor is holding something back - Library and seed armor notes and docs brought in line Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
V1.30.0: class features that change a number are worked out on the sheet
2026-10-12 11:24:28 +02:00 · 2026-10-12 11:13:09 +02:00 · 2026-10-12 10:05:25 +02:00 · 2026-10-12 09:30:16 +02:00
47 changed files with 1712 additions and 185 deletions
@@ -99,6 +99,22 @@ including a character sheet or an encounter) and **Account**.
  checklist at level 2 or 3, and shown beside the class everywhere; the DM can
  change it from the sheet, and switch a 2014 path to its 2024 update. Every
  sheet shows **the road ahead**: what each level from 1 to 20 gives.
+- **Class features that change a number are worked out**: Unarmored Defense
+  (barbarian, monk), Draconic Resilience, Fast Movement, Unarmored Movement,
+  Aura of Protection, Diamond Soul, Slippery Mind and Jack of All Trades are
+  counted on the sheet, by what is equipped (armor and shields are marked
+  items) and by level in the class that gives them.
+- **Armor holds Dexterity back** as in the rules: all of it counts toward AC
+  in light armor, at most +2 in medium, none in heavy.
+- **Stricter battles.** A spell with no slot of its level or higher left
+  cannot be cast (cantrips never need one), and a player changes the weapon
+  in hand only as the battle begins or on their own turn after attacking.
+- **Free roam**, a third kind of encounter beside battles and quests: the DM
+  ticks the nearby locations and adds the characters who are there, and
+  each player sends their own character to a place to meet who is found there
+  and shop (a place's own shop, or an NPC's wares) where they stand.
+- **Completed encounters are hidden** from the campaign's list until "Show
+  completed" is ticked.
 - **Faster battles.** A colour-coded **turn-order track** (PCs blue, NPCs
  green, monsters red) shows this round, a 🏁 flag where it ends, and the
  next. Click a name (or press 1–9) to **target**. Whoever is on turn picks a
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "backend",
-  "version": "1.27.0",
+  "version": "1.31.0",
  "private": true,
  "type": "commonjs",
  "main": "src/index.js",
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+-- Free roam: a kind of encounter where the party wanders between places the
+-- DM has laid out. A location can have NPCs found there and things for sale.
+
+-- AlterEnum
+ALTER TYPE "EncounterMode" ADD VALUE 'FREE_ROAM';
+
+-- AlterTable
+ALTER TABLE "npcs" ADD COLUMN     "locationId" TEXT;
+
+-- AlterTable
+ALTER TABLE "sale_offers" ADD COLUMN     "locationId" TEXT;
+
+-- CreateTable
+CREATE TABLE "encounter_locations" (
+    "id" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "encounterId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "locationId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "createdAt" TIMESTAMP(3) NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+
+    CONSTRAINT "encounter_locations_pkey" PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+
+-- CreateIndex
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "encounter_locations_encounterId_locationId_key" ON "encounter_locations"("encounterId", "locationId");
+
+-- CreateIndex
+CREATE INDEX "sale_offers_locationId_idx" ON "sale_offers"("locationId");
+
+-- AddForeignKey
+ALTER TABLE "npcs" ADD CONSTRAINT "npcs_locationId_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("locationId") REFERENCES "locations"("id") ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE;
+
+-- AddForeignKey
+ALTER TABLE "encounter_locations" ADD CONSTRAINT "encounter_locations_encounterId_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("encounterId") REFERENCES "encounters"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
+
+-- AddForeignKey
+ALTER TABLE "encounter_locations" ADD CONSTRAINT "encounter_locations_locationId_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("locationId") REFERENCES "locations"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
+
+-- AddForeignKey
+ALTER TABLE "sale_offers" ADD CONSTRAINT "sale_offers_locationId_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("locationId") REFERENCES "locations"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+-- Armor and shields say what kind they are, so the sheet can tell when a
+-- character is unarmored (Unarmored Defense, a monk's speed) or in heavy
+-- armor (a barbarian's Fast Movement). Copies of the library's armor already
+-- in a campaign are marked by name; anything else the DM marks on the item.
+
+-- CreateEnum
+CREATE TYPE "ArmorType" AS ENUM ('LIGHT', 'MEDIUM', 'HEAVY', 'SHIELD');
+
+-- AlterTable
+ALTER TABLE "items" ADD COLUMN     "armorType" "ArmorType";
+
+UPDATE "items" SET "armorType" = 'LIGHT' WHERE "name" IN ('Padded Armor', 'Leather Armor', 'Studded Leather');
+UPDATE "items" SET "armorType" = 'MEDIUM' WHERE "name" IN ('Hide Armor', 'Chain Shirt', 'Scale Mail', 'Breastplate', 'Half Plate');
+UPDATE "items" SET "armorType" = 'HEAVY' WHERE "name" IN ('Ring Mail', 'Chain Mail', 'Splint Armor', 'Plate Armor');
+UPDATE "items" SET "armorType" = 'SHIELD' WHERE "name" = 'Shield';
@@ -134,11 +134,13 @@ enum EncounterStatus {
  COMPLETE
 }

-// What kind of scene an encounter is: a fight run in initiative order, or a
-// quest scene built around NPCs and an objective.
+// What kind of scene an encounter is: a fight run in initiative order, a
+// quest scene built around NPCs and an objective, or free roam, where the
+// party wanders between places the DM has laid out (to shop, to meet people).
 enum EncounterMode {
  BATTLE
  QUEST
+  FREE_ROAM
 }

 enum NpcDisposition {
@@ -335,6 +337,10 @@ model Location {
  characters Character[]
  encounters Encounter[]
  visits     CharacterLocationVisit[]
+  // Who is found here, what is for sale here, and the free-roam scenes it is a stop in.
+  npcs       Npc[]
+  wares      SaleOffer[]
+  freeRoams  EncounterLocation[]

  @@index([campaignId])
  @@map("locations")
@@ -591,6 +597,10 @@ model Item {
  // item with an AC effect.
  effects          Json     @default("[]")
  effectNote       String?
+  // Set on armor and shields. Its AC is still an effect; this says what kind
+  // it is, so the sheet knows when a character is unarmored (Unarmored
+  // Defense, a monk's speed) or in heavy armor (a barbarian's Fast Movement).
+  armorType        ArmorType?
  createdAt        DateTime @default(now())

  campaign Campaign        @relation(fields: [campaignId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
@@ -602,6 +612,13 @@ model Item {
  @@map("items")
 }

+enum ArmorType {
+  LIGHT
+  MEDIUM
+  HEAVY
+  SHIELD
+}
+
 // An Item from the campaign pool held by a character.
 model InventoryItem {
  id          String   @id @default(cuid())
@@ -737,9 +754,13 @@ model Npc {
  // for exchangeCash cash, either way. Both null: this NPC does not exchange.
  exchangeGold Int?
  exchangeCash Int?
+  // Where this NPC is usually found. In a free-roam scene they are met (and
+  // traded with) by whoever goes there.
+  locationId  String?
  createdAt   DateTime       @default(now())

  campaign             Campaign               @relation(fields: [campaignId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  location             Location?              @relation(fields: [locationId], references: [id], onDelete: SetNull)
  encounterAppearances EncounterParticipant[]
  wares                SaleOffer[]

@@ -782,11 +803,28 @@ model Encounter {
  rewards      EncounterReward[]
  wares        SaleOffer[]
  actions      EncounterAction[]
+  // Free roam: the places the party can go to in this scene.
+  places       EncounterLocation[]

  @@index([campaignId])
  @@map("encounters")
 }

+// A place that is a stop in a free-roam scene: one of the campaign's
+// locations, picked by the DM as somewhere the party can go right now.
+model EncounterLocation {
+  id          String   @id @default(cuid())
+  encounterId String
+  locationId  String
+  createdAt   DateTime @default(now())
+
+  encounter Encounter @relation(fields: [encounterId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  location  Location  @relation(fields: [locationId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+
+  @@unique([encounterId, locationId])
+  @@map("encounter_locations")
+}
+
 // An attack or a spell in a battle, from the moment it is declared to the
 // moment its damage lands (game/combat.js). A player declares their own on
 // their turn; the DM declares anyone's; and with the campaign's auto-roll
@@ -851,15 +889,17 @@ model EncounterReward {
 }

 // Something for sale: a weapon or item from the campaign pools, at a price.
-// It belongs to an NPC (and is on offer wherever that NPC is met) or to an
-// encounter itself (a stall, a vending machine). Only the DM sets these up;
-// players see them, and buy, in a quest encounter in progress
-// (encounters.routes.js).
+// It belongs to an NPC (and is on offer wherever that NPC is met), to an
+// encounter itself (a stall, a vending machine), or to a location (a shop
+// that is always there, open to whoever goes to it in a free-roam scene).
+// Only the DM sets these up; players see them, and buy, in a quest or
+// free-roam encounter in progress (encounters.routes.js).
 model SaleOffer {
  id          String   @id @default(cuid())
  campaignId  String
-  npcId       String? // exactly one of npcId / encounterId is set
+  npcId       String? // exactly one of npcId / encounterId / locationId is set
  encounterId String?
+  locationId  String?
  weaponId    String? // exactly one of weaponId / itemId is set
  itemId      String?
  price       Int // for one, in `currency`
@@ -871,12 +911,14 @@ model SaleOffer {
  campaign  Campaign   @relation(fields: [campaignId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
  npc       Npc?       @relation(fields: [npcId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
  encounter Encounter? @relation(fields: [encounterId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  location  Location?  @relation(fields: [locationId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
  weapon    Weapon?    @relation(fields: [weaponId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
  item      Item?      @relation(fields: [itemId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)

  @@index([campaignId])
  @@index([npcId])
  @@index([encounterId])
+  @@index([locationId])
  @@map("sale_offers")
 }

@@ -187,8 +187,8 @@ const items = [
  { name: 'Torches (bundle of 5)', description: 'Each burns for an hour: bright light for 20 feet, dim for 20 more.', isStartingOption: true },
  { name: 'Healer’s Kit', description: 'Ten uses. Spend one to stabilise a creature at 0 hit points without a Medicine check.', isStartingOption: true },
  { name: 'Thieves’ Tools', description: 'Picks, a small file and a mirror on a handle. Needed to pick a lock or disarm a trap.', isStartingOption: true },
-  { name: 'Shield', description: 'A wooden or steel shield carried on one arm.', isStartingOption: true, effects: [{ stat: 'AC', amount: 2 }], effectNote: 'Takes a hand: no two-handed weapon while it is up.' },
-  { name: 'Leather Armor', description: 'Boiled leather, light enough to sleep and sneak in.', isStartingOption: true, effects: [{ stat: 'AC', amount: 1 }] },
+  { name: 'Shield', armorType: 'SHIELD', description: 'A wooden or steel shield carried on one arm.', isStartingOption: true, effects: [{ stat: 'AC', amount: 2 }], effectNote: 'Takes a hand: no two-handed weapon while it is up.' },
+  { name: 'Leather Armor', armorType: 'LIGHT', description: 'Boiled leather, light enough to sleep and sneak in.', isStartingOption: true, effects: [{ stat: 'AC', amount: 1 }] },
  { name: 'Spellcasting Focus', description: 'A wand, holy symbol, crystal or carved staff that your spells are cast through.', isStartingOption: true },
  { name: 'Founding Fair Token', description: 'A stamped brass token from the Lantern Market. Good for one drink at any stall, or a small favour from whoever ran the game you won it at.', isStartingOption: true },

@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ const items = [
  { name: 'Seal-Stone Fragment', description: 'A shard of worked stone from the edge of the breach. Script runs along one face. It is warm, and holding it makes the bell script easier to look at.' },
  { name: 'Seized House Documents', description: 'Ledgers and letters taken from the noble house after it was confronted. No value in coin; a great deal of value to anyone building a case.' },
  { name: 'House Records', description: 'The fallen house’s private records: names, payments and meeting places for its contacts across Aldenfell.' },
-  { name: 'Masterwork Chain Mail', description: 'Close-linked mail from the Grey Dawn’s own armoury, fitted rather than issued.', minLevel: 5, effects: [{ stat: 'AC', amount: 7 }, { stat: 'SPEED', amount: -10 }], effectNote: 'Disadvantage on Stealth checks.' },
+  { name: 'Masterwork Chain Mail', armorType: 'HEAVY', description: 'Close-linked mail from the Grey Dawn’s own armoury, fitted rather than issued.', minLevel: 5, effects: [{ stat: 'AC', amount: 7 }, { stat: 'SPEED', amount: -10 }], effectNote: 'Disadvantage on Stealth checks.' },
  { name: 'The Seal-Stone', description: 'The stone at the heart of the seal, whole again and quiet. It is heavier than it looks, and it is never quite cold.', minLevel: 7, effects: [{ stat: 'SAVE_WIS', amount: 2 }], effectNote: 'Grows warm near anything of the Hollow Below. Its other properties are the DM’s to decide: something tied to binding, warding or detecting.' },
 ];

@@ -73,6 +73,15 @@ function armorClass(dexMod, armorBonus = 0) {
  return 10 + dexMod + armorBonus;
 }

+// How much of a Dexterity modifier counts toward AC in the armor worn: all
+// of it in light armor or none, at most +2 in medium armor, and none of it
+// (a penalty included) in heavy armor.
+function armorDexterity(dexMod, worn = null) {
+  if (worn === 'HEAVY') return 0;
+  if (worn === 'MEDIUM') return Math.min(dexMod, 2);
+  return dexMod;
+}
+
 function initiative(dexMod) {
  return dexMod;
 }
@@ -287,6 +296,12 @@ function activeGear(character) {

  const effects = [];
  const notes = [];
+  // The armor on their back (the heaviest, should there be two) and whether
+  // a shield is on their arm: class features turn on what is worn.
+  const kinds = held.map((h) => h.entry.armorType).filter(Boolean);
+  const worn = ['HEAVY', 'MEDIUM', 'LIGHT'].find((kind) => kinds.includes(kind)) || null;
+  const suit = worn ? held.find((h) => h.entry.armorType === worn) : null;
+  const armor = { worn, name: suit ? suit.entry.name : null, shield: kinds.includes('SHIELD') };
  for (const { entry } of held) {
    for (const effect of Array.isArray(entry.effects) ? entry.effects : []) {
      if (GEAR_STATS.includes(effect.stat) && Number.isInteger(effect.amount) && effect.amount !== 0) {
@@ -295,7 +310,7 @@ function activeGear(character) {
    }
    if (entry.effectNote) notes.push({ source: entry.name, note: entry.effectNote });
  }
-  return { effects, notes };
+  return { effects, notes, armor };
 }

 /**
@@ -347,11 +362,30 @@ function computeCharacterSheet(character, skillProficiencies = [], saveProficien

  const profBonus = proficiencyBonus(level);

+  // Every class the character has levels in, the first first. One entry for
+  // most characters; a multiclassed one adds up per class (multiclass.js).
+  const classes = multiclass.classLevels(character);
+  const multi = classes.length > 1;
+  // What their class features do to the numbers below (classFeatures.js).
+  const modifiers = Object.fromEntries(ABILITIES.map((ability) => [ability, abilities[ability].modifier]));
+  const features = classFeatureEffects(classes, modifiers, profBonus, gear.armor);
+  // Medium and heavy armor hold Dexterity back; said on the gear card when it bites.
+  const acDex = armorDexterity(abilities.DEX.modifier, gear.armor.worn);
+  if (acDex !== abilities.DEX.modifier) {
+    gear.notes.push({
+      source: gear.armor.name,
+      note: gear.armor.worn === 'HEAVY' ? 'Heavy armor: Dexterity does not count toward AC.' : 'Medium armor: at most +2 from Dexterity counts toward AC.',
+    });
+  }
+
  const saves = {};
  for (const ability of ABILITIES) {
    const entry = saveProficiencies.find((s) => s.ability === ability);
-    const proficient = entry ? entry.proficient : false;
-    saves[ability] = { proficient, bonus: saveBonus(abilities[ability].modifier, proficient, profBonus) + fromGear('SAVES', `SAVE_${ability}`) };
+    const proficient = (entry ? entry.proficient : false) || features.saveProficiencies.includes(ability);
+    saves[ability] = {
+      proficient,
+      bonus: saveBonus(abilities[ability].modifier, proficient, profBonus) + features.saveBonus + fromGear('SAVES', `SAVE_${ability}`),
+    };
  }

  const skills = {};
@@ -364,14 +398,10 @@ function computeCharacterSheet(character, skillProficiencies = [], saveProficien
      ability,
      proficient,
      expertise,
-      bonus: skillBonus(abilities[ability].modifier, proficient, profBonus, expertise) + fromGear('SKILLS', `SKILL_${skillKey}`),
+      bonus: skillBonus(abilities[ability].modifier, proficient, profBonus, expertise) + (proficient ? 0 : features.halfProficiency) + fromGear('SKILLS', `SKILL_${skillKey}`),
    };
  }

-  // Every class the character has levels in, the first first. One entry for
-  // most characters; a multiclassed one adds up per class (multiclass.js).
-  const classes = multiclass.classLevels(character);
-  const multi = classes.length > 1;
  const hitDieSize = getClassHitDieSize(characterClass);
  const casters = classes
    .map((entry) => ({ ...entry, ability: getClassSpellcastingAbility(entry.characterClass, entry.subclass) }))
@@ -386,14 +416,17 @@ function computeCharacterSheet(character, skillProficiencies = [], saveProficien
  return {
    abilities,
    proficiencyBonus: profBonus,
-    armorClass: armorClass(abilities.DEX.modifier, armorBonus) + fromGear('AC'),
-    initiative: initiative(abilities.DEX.modifier) + fromGear('INITIATIVE'),
-    speed: Math.max(0, effectiveSpeed(species, speedOverride) + fromGear('SPEED')),
+    // Unarmored Defense and the like replace the 10 + DEX that AC starts from.
+    armorClass: (features.acBase !== null ? features.acBase + armorBonus : armorClass(acDex, armorBonus)) + fromGear('AC'),
+    initiative: initiative(abilities.DEX.modifier) + features.halfProficiency + fromGear('INITIATIVE'),
+    // A speed the DM has set is their last word: a class's extra speed is
+    // added to the species' own speed only.
+    speed: Math.max(0, effectiveSpeed(species, speedOverride) + (speedOverride != null ? 0 : features.speed) + fromGear('SPEED')),
    hp: {
      // hpRollAdjust: how far HP rolled on level-ups is from the average counted here.
      max: Math.max(
        1,
-        (multi ? multiclass.multiclassHpMax(classes, abilities.CON.modifier) : hpMax(level, hitDieSize, abilities.CON.modifier)) + (Number(hpRollAdjust) || 0) + fromGear('MAX_HP')
+        (multi ? multiclass.multiclassHpMax(classes, abilities.CON.modifier) : hpMax(level, hitDieSize, abilities.CON.modifier)) + (Number(hpRollAdjust) || 0) + features.hp + fromGear('MAX_HP')
      ),
    },
    hitDice: multi ? multiclass.multiclassHitDice(classes, hitDiceUsed) : hitDiceState(characterClass, level, hitDiceUsed),
@@ -404,6 +437,8 @@ function computeCharacterSheet(character, skillProficiencies = [], saveProficien
    passiveInsight: passiveScore(skills.INSIGHT.bonus),
    // What equipped gear is doing to the numbers above, and what else it does.
    gear,
+    // The class features counted in the numbers above: [{ name, source, text }].
+    features: speedOverride != null ? features.inForce.filter((f) => !['Fast Movement', 'Unarmored Movement'].includes(f.name)) : features.inForce,
    spellcasting: spellcastingAbility ? casting(spellcastingAbility) : null,
    // A multiclassed caster's DC and attack for each class that casts.
    spellcastingByClass: casters.map((entry) => ({ characterClass: entry.characterClass, ...casting(entry.ability) })),
@@ -549,6 +584,7 @@ module.exports = {
  passivePerception,
  passiveScore,
  armorClass,
+  armorDexterity,
  initiative,
  hpMax,
  spellSaveDC,
@@ -586,3 +622,4 @@ module.exports = {
 // multiclass.js and this file use each other, so it is required here, at
 // the end, and its functions are looked up when called.
 const multiclass = require('./multiclass');
+const { classFeatureEffects } = require('./classFeatures');
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// The class features that change a number on the sheet, worked out so nobody
+// has to add them by hand: Unarmored Defense, Draconic Resilience, Fast
+// Movement, Unarmored Movement, Aura of Protection, Diamond Soul, Slippery
+// Mind and Jack of All Trades. Everything else a class gives is a line of
+// text on the sheet (game/data/levelFeatures.js). Pure: no database.
+//
+// Each goes by the level in the class that gives it, so a multiclassed
+// character gets what each of their classes has earned (game/multiclass.js,
+// classLevels). Several depend on what is worn: armor and shields are items
+// marked with what kind they are (Item.armorType), and count while equipped.
+
+const { SUBCLASS_LEVEL } = require('./data/subclasses');
+
+// A monk's extra speed without armor or a shield, by monk level.
+function unarmoredMovement(monkLevel) {
+  if (monkLevel < 2) return 0;
+  if (monkLevel < 6) return 10;
+  if (monkLevel < 10) return 15;
+  if (monkLevel < 14) return 20;
+  if (monkLevel < 18) return 25;
+  return 30;
+}
+
+/**
+ * What a character's class features do to the sheet's numbers.
+ *
+ * @param {Array<{characterClass: string, level: number, subclass: string|null}>} classes
+ * @param {object} modifiers - ability modifiers by ability: { STR, DEX, CON, INT, WIS, CHA }
+ * @param {number} profBonus
+ * @param {{worn: 'LIGHT'|'MEDIUM'|'HEAVY'|null, shield: boolean}} armor - what is equipped
+ * @returns {{
+ *   acBase: number|null,        // what AC starts from in place of 10 + DEX, when that is better
+ *   speed: number,              // added to walking speed
+ *   hp: number,                 // added to maximum HP
+ *   saveBonus: number,          // added to every saving throw
+ *   saveProficiencies: string[],// saves the character is proficient in on top of their class's two
+ *   halfProficiency: number,    // added to initiative and to skills they are not proficient in
+ *   inForce: Array<{name: string, source: string, text: string}>
+ * }}
+ */
+function classFeatureEffects(classes, modifiers, profBonus, armor = { worn: null, shield: false }) {
+  const levelIn = (characterClass) => {
+    const entry = classes.find((c) => c.characterClass === characterClass);
+    return entry ? entry.level : 0;
+  };
+  const unarmored = !armor.worn;
+  const plain = 10 + modifiers.DEX;
+  const inForce = [];
+  const signed = (n) => (n >= 0 ? `+${n}` : `${n}`);
+
+  // Armor Class without armor: the best of the ways the character has of
+  // working it out, and only when it beats 10 + DEX.
+  const acWays = [];
+  if (levelIn('BARBARIAN') >= 1 && unarmored) {
+    acWays.push({ ac: plain + modifiers.CON, name: 'Unarmored Defense', source: 'Barbarian', text: `AC is 10 + Dexterity + Constitution (${signed(modifiers.CON)}) without armor; a shield still adds.` });
+  }
+  if (levelIn('MONK') >= 1 && unarmored && !armor.shield) {
+    acWays.push({ ac: plain + modifiers.WIS, name: 'Unarmored Defense', source: 'Monk', text: `AC is 10 + Dexterity + Wisdom (${signed(modifiers.WIS)}) without armor or a shield.` });
+  }
+  const sorcerer = classes.find((c) => c.characterClass === 'SORCERER');
+  const draconic = sorcerer && sorcerer.subclass === 'DRACONIC' && sorcerer.level >= SUBCLASS_LEVEL.SORCERER ? sorcerer : null;
+  if (draconic && unarmored) {
+    acWays.push({ ac: 13 + modifiers.DEX, name: 'Draconic Resilience', source: 'Draconic Bloodline', text: 'AC is 13 + Dexterity without armor.' });
+  }
+  const bestAc = acWays.sort((a, b) => b.ac - a.ac)[0];
+  const acBase = bestAc && bestAc.ac > plain ? bestAc.ac : null;
+  if (acBase !== null) inForce.push({ name: bestAc.name, source: bestAc.source, text: bestAc.text });
+
+  let hp = 0;
+  if (draconic) {
+    hp += draconic.level;
+    inForce.push({ name: 'Draconic Resilience', source: 'Draconic Bloodline', text: `+1 maximum HP for each sorcerer level (+${draconic.level}).` });
+  }
+
+  let speed = 0;
+  if (levelIn('BARBARIAN') >= 5 && armor.worn !== 'HEAVY') {
+    speed += 10;
+    inForce.push({ name: 'Fast Movement', source: 'Barbarian', text: '+10 ft speed when not in heavy armor.' });
+  }
+  const monkSpeed = unarmored && !armor.shield ? unarmoredMovement(levelIn('MONK')) : 0;
+  if (monkSpeed > 0) {
+    speed += monkSpeed;
+    inForce.push({ name: 'Unarmored Movement', source: 'Monk', text: `+${monkSpeed} ft speed without armor or a shield.` });
+  }
+
+  let saveBonus = 0;
+  if (levelIn('PALADIN') >= 6) {
+    saveBonus = Math.max(1, modifiers.CHA);
+    inForce.push({ name: 'Aura of Protection', source: 'Paladin', text: `+${saveBonus} (Charisma) to every saving throw while conscious. Allies in the aura add it by hand.` });
+  }
+
+  const saveProficiencies = [];
+  if (levelIn('MONK') >= 14) {
+    saveProficiencies.push('STR', 'DEX', 'CON', 'INT', 'WIS', 'CHA');
+    inForce.push({ name: 'Diamond Soul', source: 'Monk', text: 'Proficient in every saving throw.' });
+  }
+  if (levelIn('ROGUE') >= 15) {
+    saveProficiencies.push('WIS');
+    inForce.push({ name: 'Slippery Mind', source: 'Rogue', text: 'Proficient in Wisdom saving throws.' });
+  }
+
+  let halfProficiency = 0;
+  if (levelIn('BARD') >= 2) {
+    halfProficiency = Math.floor(profBonus / 2);
+    inForce.push({ name: 'Jack of All Trades', source: 'Bard', text: `+${halfProficiency} (half proficiency) to initiative and to every skill you are not proficient in.` });
+  }
+
+  return { acBase, speed, hp, saveBonus, saveProficiencies: [...new Set(saveProficiencies)], halfProficiency, inForce };
+}
+
+module.exports = { classFeatureEffects, unarmoredMovement };
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+const { computeCharacterSheet } = require('./calculations');
+const { classFeatureEffects, unarmoredMovement } = require('./classFeatures');
+
+// A human (+1 to everything) with STR 16, DEX 14 (+2), CON 14 (+2), INT 10,
+// WIS 16 (+3), CHA 16 (+3) once the species bonus is in.
+const scores = { species: 'HUMAN', strScore: 15, dexScore: 13, conScore: 13, intScore: 9, wisScore: 15, chaScore: 15, speciesBonusChoices: {} };
+const sheet = (character, saves = []) => computeCharacterSheet({ ...scores, level: 1, ...character }, [], saves);
+const wearing = (name, armorType, ac) => ({ equipped: true, level: 1, item: { name, armorType, effects: [{ stat: 'AC', amount: ac }] } });
+const names = (s) => s.features.map((f) => f.name);
+
+describe('Armor Class without armor', () => {
+  test('a barbarian adds Constitution, and keeps it behind a shield', () => {
+    expect(sheet({ characterClass: 'BARBARIAN' }).armorClass).toBe(14); // 10 + 2 + 2
+    const shielded = sheet({ characterClass: 'BARBARIAN', inventoryItems: [wearing('Shield', 'SHIELD', 2)] });
+    expect(shielded.armorClass).toBe(16);
+    expect(names(shielded)).toContain('Unarmored Defense');
+  });
+
+  test('a monk adds Wisdom, but not with a shield', () => {
+    expect(sheet({ characterClass: 'MONK' }).armorClass).toBe(15); // 10 + 2 + 3
+    const shielded = sheet({ characterClass: 'MONK', inventoryItems: [wearing('Shield', 'SHIELD', 2)] });
+    expect(shielded.armorClass).toBe(14); // 10 + 2, and the shield
+    expect(names(shielded)).not.toContain('Unarmored Defense');
+  });
+
+  test('armor on, it is the armor that counts', () => {
+    const armored = sheet({ characterClass: 'BARBARIAN', inventoryItems: [wearing('Hide Armor', 'MEDIUM', 2)] });
+    expect(armored.armorClass).toBe(14); // 10 + 2 + the hide's 2
+    expect(names(armored)).toEqual([]);
+    // Armor that is carried, not worn, changes nothing.
+    const carried = sheet({ characterClass: 'BARBARIAN', inventoryItems: [{ ...wearing('Hide Armor', 'MEDIUM', 2), equipped: false }] });
+    expect(carried.armorClass).toBe(14);
+    expect(names(carried)).toContain('Unarmored Defense');
+  });
+
+  test('it is left out when it would not help, and the DM’s extra AC still adds', () => {
+    const frail = sheet({ characterClass: 'BARBARIAN', conScore: 7 }); // CON 8: -1
+    expect(frail.armorClass).toBe(12);
+    expect(names(frail)).toEqual([]);
+    expect(sheet({ characterClass: 'BARBARIAN', armorBonus: 1 }).armorClass).toBe(15);
+  });
+
+  test('a draconic sorcerer has 13 + Dexterity and a hit point a level, from the level the bloodline starts', () => {
+    const before = sheet({ characterClass: 'SORCERER', subclass: 'DRACONIC', level: 2 });
+    expect(before.armorClass).toBe(12);
+    expect(before.hp.max).toBe(14); // 6 + 2, then 4 + 2
+    const dragon = sheet({ characterClass: 'SORCERER', subclass: 'DRACONIC', level: 3 });
+    expect(dragon.armorClass).toBe(15);
+    expect(dragon.hp.max).toBe(23); // 20, and 3 more
+    expect(sheet({ characterClass: 'SORCERER', subclass: 'WILD_MAGIC', level: 3 }).hp.max).toBe(20);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('speed', () => {
+  test('a barbarian is 10 ft faster from level 5, out of heavy armor', () => {
+    expect(sheet({ characterClass: 'BARBARIAN', level: 4 }).speed).toBe(30);
+    expect(sheet({ characterClass: 'BARBARIAN', level: 5 }).speed).toBe(40);
+    expect(sheet({ characterClass: 'BARBARIAN', level: 5, inventoryItems: [wearing('Hide Armor', 'MEDIUM', 2)] }).speed).toBe(40);
+    expect(sheet({ characterClass: 'BARBARIAN', level: 5, inventoryItems: [wearing('Plate Armor', 'HEAVY', 8)] }).speed).toBe(30);
+  });
+
+  test('a monk speeds up as they level, without armor or a shield', () => {
+    expect([1, 2, 5, 6, 10, 14, 18, 20].map(unarmoredMovement)).toEqual([0, 10, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 30]);
+    expect(sheet({ characterClass: 'MONK', level: 6 }).speed).toBe(45);
+    expect(sheet({ characterClass: 'MONK', level: 6, inventoryItems: [wearing('Leather Armor', 'LIGHT', 1)] }).speed).toBe(30);
+    expect(sheet({ characterClass: 'MONK', level: 6, inventoryItems: [wearing('Shield', 'SHIELD', 2)] }).speed).toBe(30);
+  });
+
+  test('a speed the DM has set is the last word', () => {
+    const set = sheet({ characterClass: 'BARBARIAN', level: 5, speedOverride: 40 });
+    expect(set.speed).toBe(40);
+    expect(names(set)).not.toContain('Fast Movement');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('saving throws', () => {
+  const classSaves = (...abilities) => abilities.map((ability) => ({ ability, proficient: true }));
+  const bonuses = (s) => Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(s.saves).map(([ability, save]) => [ability, save.bonus]));
+
+  test('a paladin’s aura adds Charisma to every save from level 6, and at least 1', () => {
+    const young = sheet({ characterClass: 'PALADIN', level: 5 }, classSaves('WIS', 'CHA'));
+    expect(bonuses(young)).toEqual({ STR: 3, DEX: 2, CON: 2, INT: 0, WIS: 6, CHA: 6 });
+    const aura = sheet({ characterClass: 'PALADIN', level: 6 }, classSaves('WIS', 'CHA'));
+    expect(bonuses(aura)).toEqual({ STR: 6, DEX: 5, CON: 5, INT: 3, WIS: 9, CHA: 9 });
+    const dour = sheet({ characterClass: 'PALADIN', level: 6, chaScore: 7 }, classSaves('WIS', 'CHA')); // CHA 8: -1
+    expect(bonuses(dour).STR).toBe(4);
+  });
+
+  test('a monk is proficient in every save from level 14', () => {
+    const before = sheet({ characterClass: 'MONK', level: 13 }, classSaves('STR', 'DEX'));
+    expect(before.saves.WIS).toEqual({ proficient: false, bonus: 3 });
+    const soul = sheet({ characterClass: 'MONK', level: 14 }, classSaves('STR', 'DEX'));
+    expect(Object.values(soul.saves).every((save) => save.proficient)).toBe(true);
+    expect(bonuses(soul)).toEqual({ STR: 8, DEX: 7, CON: 7, INT: 5, WIS: 8, CHA: 8 }); // +5 proficiency
+  });
+
+  test('a rogue is proficient in Wisdom saves from level 15', () => {
+    expect(sheet({ characterClass: 'ROGUE', level: 14 }, classSaves('DEX', 'INT')).saves.WIS).toEqual({ proficient: false, bonus: 3 });
+    expect(sheet({ characterClass: 'ROGUE', level: 15 }, classSaves('DEX', 'INT')).saves.WIS).toEqual({ proficient: true, bonus: 8 });
+  });
+});
+
+describe('Jack of All Trades', () => {
+  test('a bard adds half proficiency to initiative and to skills they are not proficient in', () => {
+    const skills = [{ skill: 'PERFORMANCE', proficient: true, expertise: false }];
+    const novice = computeCharacterSheet({ ...scores, characterClass: 'BARD', level: 1 }, skills, []);
+    expect(novice.initiative).toBe(2);
+    const bard = computeCharacterSheet({ ...scores, characterClass: 'BARD', level: 2 }, skills, []);
+    expect(bard.initiative).toBe(3); // +2 Dexterity, +1
+    expect(bard.skills.STEALTH.bonus).toBe(3);
+    expect(bard.skills.PERFORMANCE.bonus).toBe(5); // +3 Charisma, +2: proficient, so no half
+    expect(bard.passivePerception).toBe(14); // 10 + 3 Wisdom + 1
+    expect(computeCharacterSheet({ ...scores, characterClass: 'BARD', level: 9 }, skills, []).initiative).toBe(4); // half of +4
+  });
+});
+
+describe('multiclassed', () => {
+  test('each class counts by its own level', () => {
+    // Paladin 6 / Barbarian 1: the aura, and Unarmored Defense, but no Fast Movement.
+    const mixed = sheet({ characterClass: 'PALADIN', level: 7, classLevels: [{ characterClass: 'BARBARIAN', level: 1 }] });
+    expect(names(mixed).sort()).toEqual(['Aura of Protection', 'Unarmored Defense']);
+    expect(mixed.armorClass).toBe(14);
+    // Barbarian 1 / Monk 1: the better of the two ways, not both.
+    const both = sheet({ characterClass: 'BARBARIAN', level: 2, classLevels: [{ characterClass: 'MONK', level: 1 }] });
+    expect(both.armorClass).toBe(15);
+    expect(both.features).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(both.features[0].source).toBe('Monk');
+  });
+
+  test('nothing for a class with none of these', () => {
+    const effects = classFeatureEffects([{ characterClass: 'FIGHTER', level: 20, subclass: null }], { STR: 3, DEX: 2, CON: 2, INT: 0, WIS: 3, CHA: 3 }, 6);
+    expect(effects).toEqual({ acBase: null, speed: 0, hp: 0, saveBonus: 0, saveProficiencies: [], halfProficiency: 0, inForce: [] });
+  });
+});
+
+describe('Dexterity in armor', () => {
+  const { armorDexterity } = require('./calculations');
+  // Dexterity 18 (+4), and a clumsy one at 8 (-1).
+  const nimble = (inventoryItems) => sheet({ characterClass: 'FIGHTER', dexScore: 17, inventoryItems });
+  const clumsy = (inventoryItems) => sheet({ characterClass: 'FIGHTER', dexScore: 7, inventoryItems });
+
+  test('all of it in light armor or none, at most +2 in medium, none in heavy', () => {
+    expect([null, 'LIGHT', 'MEDIUM', 'HEAVY', 'SHIELD'].map((worn) => armorDexterity(4, worn))).toEqual([4, 4, 2, 0, 4]);
+    expect([null, 'LIGHT', 'MEDIUM', 'HEAVY'].map((worn) => armorDexterity(-1, worn))).toEqual([-1, -1, -1, 0]);
+  });
+
+  test('the sheet’s AC follows, and the gear card says why', () => {
+    expect(nimble([]).armorClass).toBe(14);
+    expect(nimble([wearing('Leather Armor', 'LIGHT', 1)]).armorClass).toBe(15);
+    const scale = nimble([wearing('Scale Mail', 'MEDIUM', 4)]);
+    expect(scale.armorClass).toBe(16); // 10 + 2 of the 4 + 4
+    expect(scale.gear.notes).toEqual([{ source: 'Scale Mail', note: 'Medium armor: at most +2 from Dexterity counts toward AC.' }]);
+    const plate = nimble([wearing('Plate Armor', 'HEAVY', 8), wearing('Shield', 'SHIELD', 2)]);
+    expect(plate.armorClass).toBe(20); // 18, and the shield
+    expect(plate.gear.notes[0]).toEqual({ source: 'Plate Armor', note: 'Heavy armor: Dexterity does not count toward AC.' });
+    // Heavy armor hides a Dexterity penalty too; medium does not.
+    expect(clumsy([wearing('Plate Armor', 'HEAVY', 8)]).armorClass).toBe(18);
+    expect(clumsy([wearing('Scale Mail', 'MEDIUM', 4)]).armorClass).toBe(13);
+    // Nothing to say when the armor holds nothing back, and only Dexterity's part in AC changes.
+    expect(sheet({ characterClass: 'FIGHTER', inventoryItems: [wearing('Scale Mail', 'MEDIUM', 4)] }).gear.notes).toEqual([]);
+    expect(plate.initiative).toBe(4);
+    expect(plate.saves.DEX.bonus).toBe(4);
+  });
+
+  test('an item with +AC that is not marked as armor holds nothing back', () => {
+    expect(nimble([wearing('Ring of Protection', null, 1)]).armorClass).toBe(15);
+  });
+});
@@ -172,4 +172,41 @@ function attacksOf({ monster = null, npc = null }) {
  return [{ name: 'Attack', attackBonus: stats.attackBonus || 0, damageDice: stats.damageDice || null, damageType: null }];
 }

-module.exports = { attackOutcome, saveSucceeds, lands, settleTarget, settle, rollDamage, rollCritDamage, sideOf, opponentsOf, targetWeights, pickTarget, attacksOf };
+// Highest initiative first; ties keep the order combatants were added in.
+// Anyone who has not rolled yet waits at the bottom.
+function inTurnOrder(participants) {
+  const rolled = (p) => (p.initiativeRoll == null ? 0 : 1);
+  return [...participants].sort((a, b) => rolled(b) - rolled(a) || b.initiative - a.initiative || (a.id < b.id ? -1 : 1));
+}
+
+// Whether a combatant may change the weapon in their hand in a battle that
+// is under way. There are two moments for it: as the battle begins, before
+// anyone has made a move (round 1, still the first combatant's turn, nothing
+// landed yet), and on their own turn once their attack has landed, before the
+// turn passes. `applied` is the battle's landed actions: [{ round,
+// actorParticipantId }]. `firstId` is whoever went first. `declared` is true
+// while somebody's attack or spell is declared and still being resolved: that
+// is a move being made.
+function weaponSwapOpen({ round, activeId, firstId, participantId, applied = [], declared = false }) {
+  if (activeId == null) return true; // no turn has started
+  const opening = round === 1 && activeId === firstId && applied.length === 0 && !declared;
+  const afterOwnAttack = activeId === participantId && applied.some((a) => a.round === round && a.actorParticipantId === participantId);
+  return opening || afterOwnAttack;
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  attackOutcome,
+  saveSucceeds,
+  lands,
+  settleTarget,
+  settle,
+  rollDamage,
+  rollCritDamage,
+  sideOf,
+  opponentsOf,
+  targetWeights,
+  pickTarget,
+  attacksOf,
+  inTurnOrder,
+  weaponSwapOpen,
+};
@@ -140,3 +140,36 @@ describe('what a creature attacks with', () => {
    expect(attacksOf({ npc: { attackBonus: null, damageDice: null } })).toEqual([]);
  });
 });
+
+describe('changing weapons in a battle', () => {
+  const { inTurnOrder, weaponSwapOpen } = require('./combat');
+  const base = { round: 1, activeId: 'a', firstId: 'a', participantId: 'b', applied: [] };
+
+  test('the turn order is by initiative, the unrolled last', () => {
+    const order = inTurnOrder([
+      { id: '1', initiativeRoll: null, initiative: 0 },
+      { id: '2', initiativeRoll: 5, initiative: 7 },
+      { id: '3', initiativeRoll: 12, initiative: 12 },
+    ]);
+    expect(order.map((p) => p.id)).toEqual(['3', '2', '1']);
+  });
+
+  test('anyone may as the battle begins, before a move is made', () => {
+    expect(weaponSwapOpen(base)).toBe(true);
+    expect(weaponSwapOpen({ ...base, activeId: null })).toBe(true);
+    // The first turn has passed, or something has landed: the moment is gone.
+    expect(weaponSwapOpen({ ...base, activeId: 'b', participantId: 'c' })).toBe(false);
+    expect(weaponSwapOpen({ ...base, applied: [{ round: 1, actorParticipantId: 'a' }] })).toBe(false);
+    expect(weaponSwapOpen({ ...base, round: 2 })).toBe(false);
+    expect(weaponSwapOpen({ ...base, declared: true })).toBe(false); // an attack is being resolved
+  });
+
+  test('after that, only on their own turn once their attack has landed', () => {
+    const later = { round: 2, activeId: 'b', firstId: 'a', participantId: 'b' };
+    expect(weaponSwapOpen({ ...later, applied: [] })).toBe(false);
+    expect(weaponSwapOpen({ ...later, applied: [{ round: 1, actorParticipantId: 'b' }] })).toBe(false); // last round's
+    expect(weaponSwapOpen({ ...later, applied: [{ round: 2, actorParticipantId: 'b' }] })).toBe(true);
+    // Somebody else's turn, even though they attacked earlier this round.
+    expect(weaponSwapOpen({ ...later, activeId: 'c', applied: [{ round: 2, actorParticipantId: 'b' }] })).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ const CLASS_FEATURES = {
  ],
  BARBARIAN: [
    { name: 'Rage', text: 'Twice per day, for one minute: +2 melee damage, advantage on Strength checks and saves, and physical damage against you is halved.' },
-    { name: 'Unarmored Defense', text: 'Without armor, add your Constitution modifier to your AC (ask your DM to set your armor bonus).' },
+    { name: 'Unarmored Defense', text: 'Without armor, add your Constitution modifier to your AC (counted on your sheet). A shield still adds.' },
  ],
  ROGUE: [
    { name: 'Sneak Attack', text: 'Once per turn, deal an extra 1d6 damage to a target you have advantage against, or that has one of your allies next to it.' },
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ const CLASS_FEATURES = {
  ],
  MONK: [
    { name: 'Martial Arts', text: 'Your unarmed strikes deal 1d4 damage and can use Dexterity. After attacking, make one unarmed strike as a bonus action.' },
-    { name: 'Unarmored Defense', text: 'Without armor, add your Wisdom modifier to your AC (ask your DM to set your armor bonus).' },
+    { name: 'Unarmored Defense', text: 'Without armor or a shield, add your Wisdom modifier to your AC (counted on your sheet).' },
  ],
  ARTIFICER: [
    { name: 'Magical Tinkering', text: 'Touch a tiny object to give it a small magic: it shines, plays a recorded message, gives off a smell or sound, or shows a picture. You can keep as many going as your Intelligence modifier.' },
@@ -3,13 +3,15 @@
 // matches the `Item` Prisma model minus `id`/`campaignId`, plus a stable `key`
 // for "add to campaign" lookups and a `category` for the library picker.
 //
-// Armor here is a flat bonus to AC on top of 10 + Dexterity, because that is
-// how gear effects work (game/calculations.js, GEAR_STATS): the standard
-// rules' "replaces 10 + DEX" and "DEX bonus capped at 2" are not modelled.
-// Each suit's bonus is its standard AC less 10, and what the bonus cannot say
-// is in the note. A DM who wants it stricter edits the copy in their campaign.
+// Armor's AC is a bonus on top of 10 + Dexterity, because that is how gear
+// effects work (game/calculations.js, GEAR_STATS): each suit's bonus is its
+// standard AC less 10. What kind of armor it is (armorType, from the category)
+// tells the sheet how much Dexterity counts in it: all of it in light armor,
+// at most +2 in medium, none in heavy (calculations.js, armorDexterity).
+// What neither can say (a Strength requirement, Stealth) is in the note.

 const STEALTH = 'Disadvantage on Stealth checks.';
+const ARMOR_TYPE = { 'Light Armor': 'LIGHT', 'Medium Armor': 'MEDIUM', 'Heavy Armor': 'HEAVY', Shields: 'SHIELD' };
 const armor = (key, name, category, ac, description, note = null, more = []) => ({
  key,
  name,
@@ -18,6 +20,8 @@ const armor = (key, name, category, ac, description, note = null, more = []) =>
  damageDice: null,
  effects: [{ stat: 'AC', amount: ac }, ...more],
  effectNote: note,
+  // What kind it is: the sheet goes by this for Unarmored Defense and the like.
+  armorType: ARMOR_TYPE[category],
 });
 const gear = (key, name, category, description, effects = [], effectNote = null, damageDice = null) => ({
  key,
@@ -36,17 +40,17 @@ const ITEM_LIBRARY = [
  armor('studded-leather', 'Studded Leather', 'Light Armor', 2, 'Tough leather set with close rivets and spikes.'),

  // Medium armor
-  armor('hide-armor', 'Hide Armor', 'Medium Armor', 2, 'Thick furs and pelts.', 'Standard rules: counts at most +2 from Dexterity.'),
-  armor('chain-shirt', 'Chain Shirt', 'Medium Armor', 3, 'Interlocking rings worn between layers of clothing.', 'Standard rules: counts at most +2 from Dexterity.'),
-  armor('scale-mail', 'Scale Mail', 'Medium Armor', 4, 'A coat and leggings of leather covered in overlapping metal scales.', `${STEALTH} Standard rules: counts at most +2 from Dexterity.`),
-  armor('breastplate', 'Breastplate', 'Medium Armor', 4, 'A fitted metal chest piece worn with supple leather.', 'Standard rules: counts at most +2 from Dexterity.'),
-  armor('half-plate', 'Half Plate', 'Medium Armor', 5, 'Shaped metal plates covering most of the body.', `${STEALTH} Standard rules: counts at most +2 from Dexterity.`),
+  armor('hide-armor', 'Hide Armor', 'Medium Armor', 2, 'Thick furs and pelts.', 'Medium armor: at most +2 from Dexterity counts (worked out on the sheet).'),
+  armor('chain-shirt', 'Chain Shirt', 'Medium Armor', 3, 'Interlocking rings worn between layers of clothing.', 'Medium armor: at most +2 from Dexterity counts (worked out on the sheet).'),
+  armor('scale-mail', 'Scale Mail', 'Medium Armor', 4, 'A coat and leggings of leather covered in overlapping metal scales.', `${STEALTH} Medium armor: at most +2 from Dexterity counts (worked out on the sheet).`),
+  armor('breastplate', 'Breastplate', 'Medium Armor', 4, 'A fitted metal chest piece worn with supple leather.', 'Medium armor: at most +2 from Dexterity counts (worked out on the sheet).'),
+  armor('half-plate', 'Half Plate', 'Medium Armor', 5, 'Shaped metal plates covering most of the body.', `${STEALTH} Medium armor: at most +2 from Dexterity counts (worked out on the sheet).`),

  // Heavy armor: slow, loud, and in the standard rules it ignores Dexterity.
-  armor('ring-mail', 'Ring Mail', 'Heavy Armor', 4, 'Leather armor with heavy rings sewn into it.', `${STEALTH} Standard rules: adds no Dexterity.`),
-  armor('chain-mail', 'Chain Mail', 'Heavy Armor', 6, 'Interlocking metal rings over a layer of quilted fabric, with gauntlets.', `${STEALTH} Standard rules: adds no Dexterity, and needs Strength 13.`, [{ stat: 'SPEED', amount: -10 }]),
-  armor('splint-armor', 'Splint Armor', 'Heavy Armor', 7, 'Narrow vertical strips of metal riveted to a leather backing.', `${STEALTH} Standard rules: adds no Dexterity, and needs Strength 15.`, [{ stat: 'SPEED', amount: -10 }]),
-  armor('plate-armor', 'Plate Armor', 'Heavy Armor', 8, 'Shaped, interlocking metal plates covering the whole body.', `${STEALTH} Standard rules: adds no Dexterity, and needs Strength 15.`, [{ stat: 'SPEED', amount: -10 }]),
+  armor('ring-mail', 'Ring Mail', 'Heavy Armor', 4, 'Leather armor with heavy rings sewn into it.', `${STEALTH} Heavy armor: Dexterity does not count (worked out on the sheet).`),
+  armor('chain-mail', 'Chain Mail', 'Heavy Armor', 6, 'Interlocking metal rings over a layer of quilted fabric, with gauntlets.', `${STEALTH} Heavy armor: Dexterity does not count (worked out on the sheet). Standard rules: needs Strength 13.`, [{ stat: 'SPEED', amount: -10 }]),
+  armor('splint-armor', 'Splint Armor', 'Heavy Armor', 7, 'Narrow vertical strips of metal riveted to a leather backing.', `${STEALTH} Heavy armor: Dexterity does not count (worked out on the sheet). Standard rules: needs Strength 15.`, [{ stat: 'SPEED', amount: -10 }]),
+  armor('plate-armor', 'Plate Armor', 'Heavy Armor', 8, 'Shaped, interlocking metal plates covering the whole body.', `${STEALTH} Heavy armor: Dexterity does not count (worked out on the sheet). Standard rules: needs Strength 15.`, [{ stat: 'SPEED', amount: -10 }]),

  // Shields
  armor('shield', 'Shield', 'Shields', 2, 'Wood or metal, carried in one hand.'),
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ const LEVEL_FEATURES = {
    ],
    3: [rage('Three times', 2)],
    4: [BOON],
-    5: [EXTRA_ATTACK, { name: 'Fast Movement', text: '+10 ft speed when not in heavy armor (ask your DM to raise your speed).' }],
+    5: [EXTRA_ATTACK, { name: 'Fast Movement', text: '+10 ft speed when not in heavy armor (counted on your sheet).' }],
    6: [rage('Four times', 2)],
    7: [{ name: 'Feral Instinct', text: 'Advantage on initiative; you can act normally in a surprise round if you rage first.' }],
    8: [BOON],
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ const LEVEL_FEATURES = {
  },
  BARD: {
    2: [
-      { name: 'Jack of All Trades', text: 'Add half your proficiency bonus (round down) to any check you are not proficient in.' },
+      { name: 'Jack of All Trades', text: 'Add half your proficiency bonus (round down) to any check you are not proficient in (counted on your sheet for skills and initiative).' },
      { name: 'Song of Rest', text: 'During a short rest, allies who spend Hit Dice heal an extra 1d6.' },
    ],
    3: [
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ const LEVEL_FEATURES = {
      { name: 'Flurry of Blows', text: '1 ki: two unarmed strikes as a bonus action.' },
      { name: 'Patient Defense', text: '1 ki: Dodge as a bonus action.' },
      { name: 'Step of the Wind', text: '1 ki: Dash or Disengage as a bonus action, jump distance doubled.' },
-      { name: 'Unarmored Movement', text: '+10 ft speed without armor (ask your DM to raise your speed).' },
+      { name: 'Unarmored Movement', text: '+10 ft speed without armor (counted on your sheet).' },
    ],
    3: [
      { name: 'Deflect Missiles', text: 'Reaction: reduce ranged weapon damage by 1d10 + Dexterity modifier + your level.' },
@@ -182,28 +182,28 @@ const LEVEL_FEATURES = {
    ],
    6: [
      { name: 'Ki-Empowered Strikes', text: 'Your unarmed strikes count as magical.' },
-      { name: 'Unarmored Movement', text: '+15 ft speed without armor (ask your DM to raise your speed).', upgrade: true },
+      { name: 'Unarmored Movement', text: '+15 ft speed without armor (counted on your sheet).', upgrade: true },
    ],
    7: [EVASION, { name: 'Stillness of Mind', text: 'Action: end charm or fear on yourself.' }],
    8: [BOON],
-    9: [{ name: 'Unarmored Movement', text: '+15 ft speed without armor (ask your DM to raise your speed). You can run along walls and across water during your move.', upgrade: true }],
+    9: [{ name: 'Unarmored Movement', text: '+15 ft speed without armor (counted on your sheet). You can run along walls and across water during your move.', upgrade: true }],
    10: [
      { name: 'Purity of Body', text: 'Immune to poison and disease.' },
-      { name: 'Unarmored Movement', text: '+20 ft speed without armor (ask your DM to raise your speed). You can run along walls and across water during your move.', upgrade: true },
+      { name: 'Unarmored Movement', text: '+20 ft speed without armor (counted on your sheet). You can run along walls and across water during your move.', upgrade: true },
    ],
    11: [{ name: 'Martial Arts', text: 'Your unarmed strikes deal 1d8 damage and can use Dexterity. After attacking, make one unarmed strike as a bonus action.', upgrade: true }],
    12: [BOON],
    13: [{ name: 'Tongue of the Sun and Moon', text: 'You understand every spoken language, and anyone who speaks one understands you.' }],
    14: [
-      { name: 'Diamond Soul', text: 'You are proficient in every saving throw (add the bonus by hand); 1 ki rerolls a failed save.' },
-      { name: 'Unarmored Movement', text: '+25 ft speed without armor (ask your DM to raise your speed). You can run along walls and across water during your move.', upgrade: true },
+      { name: 'Diamond Soul', text: 'You are proficient in every saving throw (counted on your sheet); 1 ki rerolls a failed save.' },
+      { name: 'Unarmored Movement', text: '+25 ft speed without armor (counted on your sheet). You can run along walls and across water during your move.', upgrade: true },
    ],
    15: [{ name: 'Timeless Body', text: 'You need no food or water and suffer none of the frailty of old age.' }],
    16: [BOON],
    17: [{ name: 'Martial Arts', text: 'Your unarmed strikes deal 1d10 damage and can use Dexterity. After attacking, make one unarmed strike as a bonus action.', upgrade: true }],
    18: [
      { name: 'Empty Body', text: '4 ki: invisible for one minute, and all damage but force against you is halved. 8 ki: cast Astral Projection on yourself.' },
-      { name: 'Unarmored Movement', text: '+30 ft speed without armor (ask your DM to raise your speed). You can run along walls and across water during your move.', upgrade: true },
+      { name: 'Unarmored Movement', text: '+30 ft speed without armor (counted on your sheet). You can run along walls and across water during your move.', upgrade: true },
    ],
    19: [BOON],
    20: [{ name: 'Perfect Self', text: 'When you roll initiative with no ki left, regain 4 ki.' }],
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ const LEVEL_FEATURES = {
    ],
    4: [BOON],
    5: [EXTRA_ATTACK],
-    6: [{ name: 'Aura of Protection', text: 'You and allies within 10 ft add your Charisma modifier to all saving throws while you are conscious.' }],
+    6: [{ name: 'Aura of Protection', text: 'You and allies within 10 ft add your Charisma modifier to all saving throws while you are conscious (yours is counted on your sheet).' }],
    8: [BOON],
    10: [{ name: 'Aura of Courage', text: 'You and allies within 10 ft can’t be frightened.' }],
    11: [{ name: 'Improved Divine Smite', text: 'Every melee weapon hit deals an extra 1d8 radiant damage.' }],
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ const LEVEL_FEATURES = {
    14: [{ name: 'Cleansing Touch', text: 'A few times per day (your Charisma modifier, at least once), action: end one spell on yourself or a willing creature you touch.' }],
    16: [BOON],
    18: [
-      { name: 'Aura of Protection', text: 'You and allies within 30 ft add your Charisma modifier to all saving throws while you are conscious.', upgrade: true },
+      { name: 'Aura of Protection', text: 'You and allies within 30 ft add your Charisma modifier to all saving throws while you are conscious (yours is counted on your sheet).', upgrade: true },
      { name: 'Aura of Courage', text: 'You and allies within 30 ft can’t be frightened.', upgrade: true },
    ],
    19: [BOON],
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ const LEVEL_FEATURES = {
    12: [BOON],
    13: [sneakAttack('7d6')],
    14: [{ name: 'Blindsense', text: 'If you can hear, you know where any hidden or invisible creature within 10 ft is.' }],
-    15: [sneakAttack('8d6'), { name: 'Slippery Mind', text: 'You are proficient in Wisdom saves (add the bonus by hand).' }],
+    15: [sneakAttack('8d6'), { name: 'Slippery Mind', text: 'You are proficient in Wisdom saves (counted on your sheet).' }],
    16: [BOON],
    17: [sneakAttack('9d6')],
    18: [{ name: 'Elusive', text: 'No attack against you has advantage while you are not incapacitated.' }],
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ const SORCERER = [
    edition: '2014',
    summary: 'Dragon blood: tougher skin and one element at your call.',
    features: {
-      3: [{ name: 'Dragon Ancestor', text: 'Draconic Bloodline. Choose a kind of dragon with your DM; its element is yours (red: fire, white: cold, blue: lightning, green: poison, black: acid). Thin scales make you hardier (ask your DM about Extra AC).' }],
+      3: [{ name: 'Dragon Ancestor', text: 'Draconic Bloodline. Choose a kind of dragon with your DM; its element is yours (red: fire, white: cold, blue: lightning, green: poison, black: acid). Thin scales make you hardier: without armor your AC is 13 + Dexterity, and you have 1 more maximum HP for each sorcerer level (both counted on your sheet).' }],
      6: [{ name: 'Elemental Affinity', text: 'Draconic Bloodline. Add your Charisma modifier to one damage roll of your dragon’s element; spend 1 sorcery point to resist that element for 1 hour.' }],
      14: [{ name: 'Dragon Wings', text: 'Bonus action: sprout dragon wings and fly at your speed until you dismiss them.' }],
      18: [{ name: 'Draconic Presence', text: 'Action, 5 sorcery points: for a minute, creatures within 60 ft make a Wisdom save or are charmed (awe) or frightened (fear) of you.' }],
@@ -2638,7 +2638,7 @@ describe('gear effects', () => {
    const quick = async (auth = playerAuth) => (await request(app).get(`${ch}/quick-stats`).set(auth)).body.quickStats;

    const before = (await sheet()).sheet;
-    expect(before.gear).toEqual({ effects: [], notes: [] });
+    expect(before.gear).toEqual({ effects: [], notes: [], armor: { worn: null, name: null, shield: false } });

    // Only the DM says what gear does, and only with numbers the sheet has.
    const mail = {
@@ -3983,6 +3983,81 @@ describe('battle actions', () => {
    expect(await hp(two.id)).toBe(0); // 7 HP, 20 damage
    const slotsAfter = (await request(app).get(`/characters/${mageId}`).set(dmAuth)).body.character.sheet.spellSlots.levels.find((l) => l.level === 3).remaining;
    expect(slotsAfter).toBe(slotsBefore - 1);
+
+    // A cantrip takes no slot, however often it is cast. Spells are listed cantrips first.
+    expect(mira.spells.map((s) => [s.name, s.level])).toEqual([['Fire Bolt', 0], ['Fireball', 3]]);
+    const used = async () => (await request(app).get(`/characters/${mageId}`).set(dmAuth)).body.character.sheet.spellSlots.levels.map((l) => l.used);
+    const before = await used();
+    await request(app).put(`${e}/targets`).set(dmAuth).send({ participantIds: [one.id] });
+    const bolt = mira.spells.find((s) => s.name === 'Fire Bolt');
+    const boltId = (await request(app).post(`${e}/actions`).set(dmAuth).send({ source: { type: 'spell', characterSpellId: bolt.characterSpellId } })).body.actionId;
+    action = (await request(app).patch(`${e}/actions/${boltId}`).set(dmAuth).send({ rolls: [{ participantId: one.id, d20: 19 }], damage: 3 })).body.encounter.actions[0];
+    expect(action).toMatchObject({ kind: 'ATTACK', name: 'Fire Bolt' });
+    expect(action.detail.slotLevel).toBeNull();
+    const cast = await request(app).post(`${e}/actions/${boltId}/apply`).set(dmAuth).send({});
+    expect(cast.status).toBe(200);
+    expect(cast.body.slotNote).toBeNull();
+    expect(await used()).toEqual(before);
+
+    // With her last 3rd-level slot gone, Fireball cannot be declared; the cantrip still can.
+    await request(app).post(`/characters/${mageId}/spell-slots`).set(dmAuth).send({ action: 'set', level: 3, used: 2 });
+    const dry = await request(app).post(`${e}/actions`).set(dmAuth).send({ source: { type: 'spell', characterSpellId: fireball.characterSpellId } });
+    expect(dry.status).toBe(400);
+    expect(dry.body.error).toMatch(/no spell slot of level 3 or higher left/);
+    expect((await request(app).post(`${e}/actions`).set(dmAuth).send({ source: { type: 'spell', characterSpellId: bolt.characterSpellId } })).status).toBe(201);
+
+    // Every slot she has spent, at every level: the cantrip is still hers to cast, and lands.
+    const all = (await request(app).get(`/characters/${mageId}`).set(dmAuth)).body.character.sheet.spellSlots.levels;
+    for (const slot of all) await request(app).post(`/characters/${mageId}/spell-slots`).set(dmAuth).send({ action: 'set', level: slot.level, used: slot.max });
+    const empty = (await view(dmAuth)).participants.find((p) => p.displayName === 'Mira').characterCombatInfo.spellSlots.levels;
+    expect(empty.every((l) => l.remaining === 0)).toBe(true);
+    const again = await request(app).post(`${e}/actions`).set(dmAuth).send({ source: { type: 'spell', characterSpellId: bolt.characterSpellId } });
+    expect(again.status).toBe(201);
+    await request(app).patch(`${e}/actions/${again.body.actionId}`).set(dmAuth).send({ rolls: [{ participantId: one.id, d20: 1 }] });
+    expect((await request(app).post(`${e}/actions/${again.body.actionId}/apply`).set(dmAuth).send({})).status).toBe(200);
+  });
+
+  itIfDb('a weapon is changed as the battle begins or on your own turn after attacking, and not in between', async () => {
+    const { dmAuth, playerAuth, campaign, e, one, heroId } = await battle('actswap');
+    const c = `/campaigns/${campaign.id}`;
+    const bow = (await request(app).post(`${c}/weapons`).set(dmAuth).send({ name: 'Shortbow', damageDice: '1d6', damageType: 'piercing', attackAbility: 'DEX', properties: [] })).body.weapon;
+    await request(app).post(`/characters/${heroId}/weapons`).set(dmAuth).send({ weaponId: bow.id });
+    await request(app).patch(c).set(dmAuth).send({ maxEquippedWeapons: 2 });
+    const held = async () => (await request(app).get(`/characters/${heroId}`).set(playerAuth)).body.character.weapons;
+    const sword = (await held()).find((w) => w.weapon.name === 'Longsword');
+    const equip = (auth, weaponId, equipped) => request(app).patch(`/characters/${heroId}/weapons/${weaponId}`).set(auth).send({ equipped });
+
+    // The battle has begun and nobody has made a move: the bow can come out, and go back.
+    expect((await equip(playerAuth, bow.id, true)).status).toBe(200);
+    expect((await equip(playerAuth, bow.id, false)).status).toBe(200);
+
+    // Aria attacks. While the attack is still being resolved nothing changes hands...
+    await request(app).put(`${e}/targets`).set(playerAuth).send({ participantIds: [one.id] });
+    const actionId = (await request(app).post(`${e}/actions`).set(playerAuth).send({ source: { type: 'weapon', characterWeaponId: sword.id } })).body.actionId;
+    await request(app).patch(`${e}/actions/${actionId}`).set(playerAuth).send({ rolls: [{ participantId: one.id, d20: 2 }] });
+    expect((await equip(playerAuth, bow.id, true)).status).toBe(400);
+    await request(app).post(`${e}/actions/${actionId}/apply`).set(dmAuth).send({});
+    // After her attack, before the next turn: she may swap.
+    expect((await equip(playerAuth, bow.id, true)).status).toBe(200);
+
+    // The wizard's turn: Aria's hands stay as they are, either way. The DM can still change them.
+    await request(app).post(`${e}/next-turn`).set(dmAuth);
+    const refused = await equip(playerAuth, bow.id, false);
+    expect(refused.status).toBe(400);
+    expect(refused.body.error).toMatch(/is in a battle \(Ambush\).*own turn once their attack has landed/);
+    expect((await equip(playerAuth, sword.weaponId, false)).status).toBe(400);
+    expect((await equip(dmAuth, bow.id, false)).status).toBe(200);
+    // Other gear is not held to it.
+    expect((await held()).find((w) => w.weapon.name === 'Shortbow').equipped).toBe(false);
+
+    // Round the table to Aria again: not before she has attacked this turn.
+    for (let i = 0; i < 3; i += 1) await request(app).post(`${e}/next-turn`).set(dmAuth);
+    expect((await request(app).get(e).set(dmAuth)).body.encounter.currentRound).toBe(2);
+    expect((await equip(playerAuth, bow.id, true)).status).toBe(400);
+
+    // Once the battle is over, gear is changed freely again.
+    await request(app).patch(e).set(dmAuth).send({ status: 'COMPLETE' });
+    expect((await equip(playerAuth, bow.id, true)).status).toBe(200);
  });

  itIfDb('with auto-roll on, a monster\u2019s turn opens with its attack aimed and rolled, kept from the players until the DM accepts it', async () => {
@@ -4047,3 +4122,129 @@ describe('battle actions', () => {
    expect(rolled.damage.dice).toHaveLength(2);
  });
 });
+
+describe('free roam', () => {
+  itIfDb('whoever the DM adds wanders between its places, and shops where they stand', async () => {
+    const { dmAuth, playerAuth, campaign } = await setupCampaign('roam');
+    const c = `/campaigns/${campaign.id}`;
+    const heroId = await buildCharacter(campaign.id, playerAuth, 'Aria');
+    const allyId = await buildCharacter(campaign.id, dmAuth, 'Bo');
+    await request(app).post(`/characters/${heroId}/gold`).set(dmAuth).send({ amount: 50, reason: 'Purse' });
+    const place = async (name) => (await request(app).post(`${c}/locations`).set(dmAuth).send({ name, description: `${name}.` })).body.location;
+    const [market, inn, docks] = [await place('Market'), await place('Inn'), await place('Docks')];
+    const rope = (await request(app).post(`${c}/items`).set(dmAuth).send({ name: 'Rope' })).body.item;
+    const ale = (await request(app).post(`${c}/items`).set(dmAuth).send({ name: 'Ale' })).body.item;
+
+    // A shop at the market, and an innkeeper found at the inn who sells ale.
+    expect((await request(app).post(`${c}/wares`).set(dmAuth).send({ locationId: market.id, itemId: rope.id, price: 2 })).status).toBe(201);
+    expect((await request(app).post(`${c}/wares`).set(dmAuth).send({ locationId: market.id, npcId: 'x', itemId: rope.id, price: 2 })).status).toBe(400);
+    const keeper = (await request(app).post(`${c}/npcs`).set(dmAuth).send({ name: 'Mara', role: 'Innkeeper', dmNotes: 'Waters the ale.', locationId: inn.id })).body.npc;
+    expect((await request(app).post(`${c}/npcs`).set(dmAuth).send({ name: 'Nobody', locationId: 'nowhere' })).status).toBe(400);
+    await request(app).post(`${c}/wares`).set(dmAuth).send({ npcId: keeper.id, itemId: ale.id, price: 1 });
+
+    const created = await request(app).post(`${c}/encounters`).set(dmAuth).send({ name: 'A day in town', mode: 'FREE_ROAM', placeIds: [market.id, inn.id] });
+    expect(created.status).toBe(201);
+    const e = `/encounters/${created.body.encounter.id}`;
+    const view = async (auth) => (await request(app).get(e).set(auth)).body.encounter;
+
+    // Nobody is in it until the DM adds them: the party may be split up.
+    expect((await view(dmAuth)).participants).toEqual([]);
+    expect((await request(app).get(e).set(playerAuth)).status).toBe(404);
+    for (const characterId of [heroId, allyId]) await request(app).post(`${e}/participants`).set(dmAuth).send({ characterId });
+    let scene = await view(playerAuth);
+    expect(scene.mode).toBe('FREE_ROAM');
+    expect(scene.participants.map((p) => p.displayName).sort()).toEqual(['Aria', 'Bo']);
+    expect(scene.places.map((p) => p.name)).toEqual(['Market', 'Inn']);
+    expect(scene.places[0].wares[0].item.name).toBe('Rope');
+    expect(scene.places[1].npcs[0]).toMatchObject({ name: 'Mara', role: 'Innkeeper' });
+    expect(scene.places[1].npcs[0].dmNotes).toBeUndefined(); // the DM's alone
+    expect(scene.places[1].npcs[0].wares[0].item.name).toBe('Ale');
+    expect((await view(dmAuth)).places[1].npcs[0].dmNotes).toBe('Waters the ale.');
+
+    const visit = (auth, characterId, locationId) => request(app).post(`${e}/visit`).set(auth).send({ characterId, locationId });
+    const buy = (auth, wareId, characterId) => request(app).post(`${e}/wares/${wareId}/buy`).set(auth).send({ characterId });
+    const ropeWare = scene.places[0].wares[0].id;
+    const aleWare = scene.places[1].npcs[0].wares[0].id;
+
+    // Nothing moves, and nothing is sold, before the scene begins.
+    expect((await visit(playerAuth, heroId, market.id)).status).toBe(400);
+    await request(app).patch(e).set(dmAuth).send({ status: 'ACTIVE' });
+    expect((await buy(playerAuth, ropeWare, heroId)).status).toBe(400); // not at the market yet
+    expect((await visit(playerAuth, heroId, docks.id)).status).toBe(400); // not one of the scene's places
+    expect((await visit(playerAuth, allyId, market.id)).status).toBe(403); // not their character
+
+    scene = (await visit(playerAuth, heroId, market.id)).body.encounter;
+    expect(scene.places[0].here.map((h) => h.name)).toEqual(['Aria']);
+    expect((await buy(playerAuth, ropeWare, heroId)).status).toBe(201);
+    // The innkeeper is at the inn: go there to buy her ale.
+    const tooFar = await buy(playerAuth, aleWare, heroId);
+    expect(tooFar.status).toBe(400);
+    expect(tooFar.body.error).toMatch(/go to Inn first/);
+    await visit(playerAuth, heroId, inn.id);
+    expect((await buy(playerAuth, aleWare, heroId)).status).toBe(201);
+    const hero = (await request(app).get(`/characters/${heroId}`).set(playerAuth)).body.character;
+    expect(hero.inventoryItems.map((i) => i.item.name).sort()).toEqual(['Ale', 'Rope']);
+    expect(hero.currentLocation.name).toBe('Inn');
+    // The DM can send anyone, and opens another place while the party roams.
+    expect((await visit(dmAuth, allyId, market.id)).status).toBe(200);
+    expect((await request(app).put(`${e}/places`).set(playerAuth).send({ locationIds: [] })).status).toBe(403);
+    const more = (await request(app).put(`${e}/places`).set(dmAuth).send({ locationIds: [market.id, inn.id, docks.id] })).body.encounter;
+    expect(more.places.map((p) => p.name)).toEqual(['Market', 'Inn', 'Docks']);
+    // Having been there, the player now knows the place for good.
+    const known = (await request(app).get(`${c}/locations`).set(playerAuth)).body.locations.map((l) => l.name).sort();
+    expect(known).toEqual(['Inn', 'Market']);
+  });
+
+  itIfDb('a shop at a place does not sell in a quest, and only a free-roam scene has places', async () => {
+    const { dmAuth, playerAuth, campaign } = await setupCampaign('roamnot');
+    const c = `/campaigns/${campaign.id}`;
+    const heroId = await buildCharacter(campaign.id, playerAuth, 'Aria');
+    const market = (await request(app).post(`${c}/locations`).set(dmAuth).send({ name: 'Market' })).body.location;
+    const rope = (await request(app).post(`${c}/items`).set(dmAuth).send({ name: 'Rope' })).body.item;
+    const ware = (await request(app).post(`${c}/wares`).set(dmAuth).send({ locationId: market.id, itemId: rope.id, price: 1 })).body.ware;
+    const quest = `/encounters/${(await request(app).post(`${c}/encounters`).set(dmAuth).send({ name: 'Errand', mode: 'QUEST' })).body.encounter.id}`;
+    await request(app).post(`${quest}/participants`).set(dmAuth).send({ characterId: heroId });
+    await request(app).patch(quest).set(dmAuth).send({ status: 'ACTIVE' });
+    expect((await request(app).post(`${quest}/wares/${ware.id}/buy`).set(playerAuth).send({ characterId: heroId })).status).toBe(404);
+    expect((await request(app).post(`${quest}/visit`).set(playerAuth).send({ characterId: heroId, locationId: market.id })).status).toBe(400);
+    expect((await request(app).get(quest).set(playerAuth)).body.encounter.places).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('class features on the sheet', () => {
+  itIfDb('a barbarian’s Unarmored Defense and Fast Movement go by the armor that is equipped', async () => {
+    const { dmAuth, playerAuth, campaign } = await setupCampaign('unarmored');
+    const c = `/campaigns/${campaign.id}`;
+    const id = await buildAs(campaign.id, playerAuth, 'Korg', 'BARBARIAN', 5);
+    await prisma.character.update({ where: { id }, data: { species: 'HUMAN', dexScore: 13, conScore: 15, speciesBonusChoices: {}, armorBonus: 0, speedOverride: null } });
+    const sheet = async () => (await request(app).get(`/characters/${id}`).set(playerAuth)).body.character.sheet;
+
+    // Dexterity 14 (+2), Constitution 16 (+3): 10 + 2 + 3. A human's 30 ft, and 10 more.
+    let s = await sheet();
+    expect(s).toMatchObject({ armorClass: 15, speed: 40 });
+    expect(s.features.map((f) => f.name)).toEqual(['Unarmored Defense', 'Fast Movement']);
+
+    // The library's armor comes marked. Hide (+2): 10 + 2 + 2, and no Unarmored Defense.
+    const hide = (await request(app).post(`${c}/items/from-library`).set(dmAuth).send({ key: 'hide-armor' })).body.item;
+    expect(hide.armorType).toBe('MEDIUM');
+    await request(app).post(`/characters/${id}/inventory`).set(dmAuth).send({ itemId: hide.id });
+    expect((await sheet()).armorClass).toBe(15); // carried, not worn
+    await request(app).patch(`/characters/${id}/inventory/${hide.id}`).set(playerAuth).send({ equipped: true });
+    s = await sheet();
+    expect(s).toMatchObject({ armorClass: 14, speed: 40 });
+    expect(s.features.map((f) => f.name)).toEqual(['Fast Movement']);
+
+    // The DM says what kind of thing an item is. Heavy: the extra speed goes, and Dexterity
+    // no longer counts (10 + the armor's 2). Not armor: all of it is back, on top of the +2.
+    expect((await request(app).patch(`${c}/items/${hide.id}`).set(playerAuth).send({ armorType: 'HEAVY' })).status).toBe(403);
+    expect((await request(app).patch(`${c}/items/${hide.id}`).set(dmAuth).send({ armorType: 'PLATE' })).status).toBe(400);
+    await request(app).patch(`${c}/items/${hide.id}`).set(dmAuth).send({ armorType: 'HEAVY' });
+    expect(await sheet()).toMatchObject({ armorClass: 12, speed: 30 });
+    await request(app).patch(`${c}/items/${hide.id}`).set(dmAuth).send({ armorType: null });
+    expect(await sheet()).toMatchObject({ armorClass: 17, speed: 40 });
+
+    // A speed the DM sets is used as it is.
+    await request(app).patch(`/characters/${id}`).set(dmAuth).send({ speedOverride: 35 });
+    expect((await sheet()).speed).toBe(35);
+  });
+});
@@ -706,6 +706,8 @@ const itemSchema = z.object({
  damageScaling: z.number().int().min(1).max(MAX_DAMAGE_SCALING).optional(),
  minLevel: z.number().int().min(1).max(MAX_GEAR_LEVEL).optional(),
  isStartingOption: z.boolean().optional(),
+  // Armor and shields: what kind it is. Null for anything else.
+  armorType: z.enum(['LIGHT', 'MEDIUM', 'HEAVY', 'SHIELD']).optional().nullable(),
  ...gearEffects,
 });

@@ -853,9 +855,11 @@ router.get('/:id/encounters', requireCampaignMember(), async (req, res, next) =>

 const createEncounterSchema = z.object({
  name: z.string().min(1).max(120),
-  mode: z.enum(['BATTLE', 'QUEST']).optional(),
+  mode: z.enum(['BATTLE', 'QUEST', 'FREE_ROAM']).optional(),
  description: z.string().max(4000).optional().nullable(),
  locationId: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  // Free roam: the places the party can go to, from the campaign's locations.
+  placeIds: z.array(z.string()).max(50).optional(),
  // Where it goes in the campaign's order: the top, the bottom, or straight
  // after another encounter (which wins over `position`). The bottom if
  // neither is given.
@@ -867,11 +871,15 @@ router.post('/:id/encounters', requireCampaignMember(), requireDM(), async (req,
  try {
    const parsed = createEncounterSchema.safeParse(req.body);
    if (!parsed.success) return res.status(400).json({ error: parsed.error.flatten() });
-    const { position, afterEncounterId, ...fields } = parsed.data;
+    const { position, afterEncounterId, placeIds = [], ...fields } = parsed.data;
    if (fields.locationId) {
      const location = await prisma.location.findFirst({ where: { id: fields.locationId, campaignId: req.campaign.id } });
      if (!location) return res.status(400).json({ error: 'That location is not part of this campaign.' });
    }
+    const places = [...new Set(placeIds)];
+    if (places.length > 0 && (await prisma.location.count({ where: { id: { in: places }, campaignId: req.campaign.id } })) !== places.length) {
+      return res.status(400).json({ error: 'Pick places from this campaign\'s locations.' });
+    }

    const order = await prisma.encounter.findMany({
      where: { campaignId: req.campaign.id },
@@ -899,6 +907,12 @@ router.post('/:id/encounters', requireCampaignMember(), requireDM(), async (req,
      }
      return created;
    });
+
+    // A free-roam scene's places. Who is in it is the DM's to add, as with
+    // any encounter: the party may be split, some of them somewhere else.
+    if (encounter.mode === 'FREE_ROAM' && places.length > 0) {
+      await prisma.encounterLocation.createMany({ data: places.map((locationId) => ({ encounterId: encounter.id, locationId })) });
+    }
    res.status(201).json({ encounter });
  } catch (err) {
    next(err);
@@ -961,8 +975,16 @@ const npcSchema = z.object({
  // null for an NPC who does not change money.
  exchangeGold: z.number().int().min(1).max(1000000).optional().nullable(),
  exchangeCash: z.number().int().min(1).max(1000000).optional().nullable(),
+  // Where they are usually found: met there in a free-roam scene.
+  locationId: z.string().optional().nullable(),
 });

+// Whether a location named for an NPC, a ware or a scene is one of this campaign's.
+async function locationInCampaign(locationId, campaignId) {
+  return !locationId || Boolean(await prisma.location.findFirst({ where: { id: locationId, campaignId }, select: { id: true } }));
+}
+const NOT_A_PLACE = 'That location is not part of this campaign.';
+
 // A rate has two sides: both are given, or both are cleared.
 function halfARate(data) {
  const sides = [data.exchangeGold, data.exchangeCash];
@@ -982,6 +1004,7 @@ router.post('/:id/npcs', requireCampaignMember(), requireDM(), async (req, res,
    const parsed = npcSchema.safeParse(req.body);
    if (!parsed.success) return res.status(400).json({ error: parsed.error.flatten() });
    if (halfARate(parsed.data)) return res.status(400).json({ error: HALF_A_RATE });
+    if (!(await locationInCampaign(parsed.data.locationId, req.campaign.id))) return res.status(400).json({ error: NOT_A_PLACE });
    const npc = await prisma.npc.create({ data: { ...parsed.data, campaignId: req.campaign.id } });
    res.status(201).json({ npc });
  } catch (err) {
@@ -994,6 +1017,7 @@ router.patch('/:id/npcs/:npcId', requireCampaignMember(), requireDM(), async (re
    const parsed = npcSchema.partial().safeParse(req.body);
    if (!parsed.success) return res.status(400).json({ error: parsed.error.flatten() });
    if (halfARate(parsed.data)) return res.status(400).json({ error: HALF_A_RATE });
+    if (!(await locationInCampaign(parsed.data.locationId, req.campaign.id))) return res.status(400).json({ error: NOT_A_PLACE });
    const npc = await updatePoolEntry('npc', req.params.npcId, req.campaign.id, parsed.data);
    if (!npc) return res.status(404).json({ error: 'NPC not found in this campaign' });
    emitTradeChanged(req);
@@ -1106,6 +1130,7 @@ const wareSchema = z
  .object({
    npcId: z.string().optional(),
    encounterId: z.string().optional(),
+    locationId: z.string().optional(), // a shop that is always at this place
    weaponId: z.string().optional(),
    itemId: z.string().optional(),
    price: z.number().int().min(1).max(1000000),
@@ -1113,7 +1138,7 @@ const wareSchema = z
    level: z.number().int().min(1).max(MAX_GEAR_LEVEL).optional(),
    stock: z.number().int().min(0).max(9999).optional().nullable(), // null: no limit
  })
-  .refine((data) => Boolean(data.npcId) !== Boolean(data.encounterId), { message: 'Say who sells it: an NPC or an encounter, not both' })
+  .refine((data) => [data.npcId, data.encounterId, data.locationId].filter(Boolean).length === 1, { message: 'Say where it is sold: by an NPC, at an encounter, or at a location (one of them)' })
  .refine((data) => Boolean(data.weaponId) !== Boolean(data.itemId), { message: 'Pick one weapon or one item to sell' });

 router.post('/:id/wares', requireCampaignMember(), requireDM(), async (req, res, next) => {
@@ -1123,7 +1148,7 @@ router.post('/:id/wares', requireCampaignMember(), requireDM(), async (req, res,
    const data = parsed.data;
    const inCampaign = async (model, id) => (id ? prisma[model].findFirst({ where: { id, campaignId: req.campaign.id } }) : null);

-    const seller = (await inCampaign('npc', data.npcId)) || (await inCampaign('encounter', data.encounterId));
+    const seller = (await inCampaign('npc', data.npcId)) || (await inCampaign('encounter', data.encounterId)) || (await inCampaign('location', data.locationId));
    if (!seller) return res.status(400).json({ error: 'That seller is not part of this campaign.' });
    const entry = (await inCampaign('weapon', data.weaponId)) || (await inCampaign('item', data.itemId));
    if (!entry) return res.status(400).json({ error: `That ${data.weaponId ? 'weapon' : 'item'} is not part of this campaign.` });
@@ -48,7 +48,9 @@ const { speciesBonusProblem } = require('../game/data/species');
 const { SKILLS } = require('../game/data/skills');
 const { CURRENCIES, COINS, COIN_VALUE, COIN_COLUMN, InsufficientGoldError, adjustGold, spendCoins, worthInGold, giveGear } = require('../utils/grants');
 const { recordVisits } = require('../utils/locations');
-const { SHEET_INCLUDE, sheetOf, settleHp } = require('../utils/sheet');
+const { SHEET_INCLUDE, sheetOf, settleHp, bySpellLevel } = require('../utils/sheet');
+const { inTurnOrder, weaponSwapOpen } = require('../game/combat');
+const { isFallen } = require('../utils/actions');
 const { absorbDamage, NO_DEATH_SAVES, lifeState, deathSaveInfo, settleDeathSaves, changeHp, rollDeathSave } = require('../utils/hp');

 const router = express.Router();
@@ -173,7 +175,7 @@ function serializeCharacter(character, isOwner, isDM = true) {
        usable: canUseGear(character.level, cw.level),
      };
    }),
-    spells: character.spells.map((cs) => ({ ...cs, usable: canUseGear(character.level, cs.spell.level) })),
+    spells: [...character.spells].sort(bySpellLevel).map((cs) => ({ ...cs, usable: canUseGear(character.level, cs.spell.level) })),
    sheet: character.buildStage === 'COMPLETE' ? sheet : null,
  };
 }
@@ -1439,7 +1441,7 @@ router.get('/:id/quick-stats', requireCharacterAccess(), async (req, res, next)
      damageDice: ii.item.damageDice ? scaledDamageDice(ii.item.damageDice, ii.level, ii.item.damageScaling, ii.item.minLevel) : null,
      ...effectsOf(ii.item),
    }));
-    const spells = character.spells.map((cs) => ({
+    const spells = [...character.spells].sort(bySpellLevel).map((cs) => ({
      characterSpellId: cs.id,
      name: cs.spell.name,
      level: cs.spell.level,
@@ -1620,6 +1622,46 @@ function requireDmForGear(req, res) {
  return false;
 }

+// A weapon is not swapped in the middle of a fight. For a character in a
+// battle that is under way, the weapon in hand changes only as the battle
+// begins (before anyone has made a move) or on their own turn once their
+// attack has landed, before the turn passes (game/combat.js, weaponSwapOpen).
+// Returns what to tell the player when it is not one of those moments. The
+// DM is not held to it: they referee, and put mistakes right.
+async function weaponSwapWait(character) {
+  const rows = await prisma.encounterParticipant.findMany({
+    where: { characterId: character.id, encounter: { status: 'ACTIVE', mode: 'BATTLE', archivedAt: null } },
+    include: { encounter: true },
+  });
+  for (const row of rows) {
+    const { encounter } = row;
+    const participants = await prisma.encounterParticipant.findMany({
+      where: { encounterId: encounter.id },
+      include: { character: { select: { currentHp: true, deathSaveFailures: true, stable: true } } },
+    });
+    const first = inTurnOrder(participants).find((p) => !isFallen(p));
+    // What has landed, and whether an attack somebody declared is still being
+    // resolved (one the server lined up for a monster is not a move yet).
+    const actions = await prisma.encounterAction.findMany({
+      where: { encounterId: encounter.id, status: { in: ['APPLIED', 'PENDING'] } },
+      select: { round: true, actorParticipantId: true, status: true, auto: true },
+    });
+    const applied = actions.filter((a) => a.status === 'APPLIED');
+    const open = weaponSwapOpen({
+      round: encounter.currentRound,
+      activeId: encounter.activeParticipantId,
+      firstId: first ? first.id : null,
+      participantId: row.id,
+      applied,
+      declared: actions.some((a) => a.status === 'PENDING' && !a.auto),
+    });
+    if (!open) {
+      return `${character.name} is in a battle (${encounter.name}). A weapon can be changed as the battle begins, before anyone has made a move, or on ${character.name}'s own turn once their attack has landed. The DM can change it at any time.`;
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
 function emitCharacterUpdated(req) {
  req.app.get('io').to(`campaign:${req.character.campaignId}`).emit('character:updated', { characterId: req.character.id });
 }
@@ -1745,6 +1787,11 @@ for (const gear of GEAR) {
        const blocked = await equipBlocked(req, gear.pool, req.params.poolId);
        if (blocked) return res.status(400).json({ error: blocked });
      }
+      // Drawing or putting away a weapon in a battle waits for the right moment.
+      if (gear.pool === 'weapon' && !req.isDM && parsed.data.equipped !== undefined && parsed.data.equipped !== existing.equipped) {
+        const wait = await weaponSwapWait(req.character);
+        if (wait) return res.status(400).json({ error: wait });
+      }

      const row = await prisma[gear.held].update({ where: whereHeld(req), data, include });
      if (gear.ownLevel) await settleHp(prisma, [req.character.id]);
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ const { loadCampaignMembership } = require('../middleware/campaignAccess');
 const { computeCharacterSheet, computeWeaponStats, scaledDamageDice, canUseGear, abilityModifier, encounterDifficulty, MAX_GEAR_LEVEL } = require('../game/calculations');
 const { CURRENCIES, InsufficientGoldError, adjustGold, spendCoins, giveGear } = require('../utils/grants');
 const { moveCharacters, visitedLocationIds } = require('../utils/locations');
-const { SHEET_INCLUDE } = require('../utils/sheet');
+const { SHEET_INCLUDE, bySpellLevel } = require('../utils/sheet');
 const { NO_DEATH_SAVES, lifeState, deathSaveInfo, changeHp } = require('../utils/hp');
 const { subclassName } = require('../game/data/subclasses');
-const { settle, rollDamage, rollCritDamage } = require('../game/combat');
+const { settle, rollDamage, rollCritDamage, inTurnOrder } = require('../game/combat');
 const { rollDie } = require('../game/dice');
 const { ActionError, targetRows, describeSource, autoActions } = require('../utils/actions');

@@ -59,13 +59,6 @@ function clamp(value, min, max) {
  return Math.min(Math.max(value, min), max);
 }

-// Highest initiative first; ties keep the order combatants were added in.
-// Anyone who has not rolled yet waits at the bottom.
-function inTurnOrder(participants) {
-  const rolled = (p) => (p.initiativeRoll == null ? 0 : 1);
-  return [...participants].sort((a, b) => rolled(b) - rolled(a) || b.initiative - a.initiative || (a.id < b.id ? -1 : 1));
-}
-
 // What is added to a combatant's d20 for initiative: the sheet's initiative
 // bonus for a character, the Dexterity modifier for a monster, and nothing for
 // an NPC (they have no ability scores). Takes a participant with its
@@ -181,6 +174,7 @@ function characterCombatInfo(character, subclasses = true) {
    }));
  const spells = character.spells
    .filter((cs) => canUseGear(character.level, cs.spell.level))
+    .sort(bySpellLevel)
    .map((cs) => ({
      characterSpellId: cs.id,
      name: cs.spell.name,
@@ -296,13 +290,16 @@ async function serializeEncounter(encounterId, isDM, viewerId) {
      // Likewise their conditions: the character's own, which outlast the scene.
      out.conditions = character.conditions;
      out.character = { id: character.id, name: character.name, userId: character.userId };
+      // Where each character is, is part of a free-roam scene; elsewhere it stays on their sheet.
+      if (encounter.mode === 'FREE_ROAM') out.character.currentLocationId = character.currentLocationId;
      out.characterCombatInfo = combatInfo;
    }
    out.conditionRounds = roundsFor(p.conditionRounds, out.conditions);
    if (monster) out.monster = isDM ? monster : { id: monster.id, name: monster.name };
    if (npc) {
-      const { dmNotes, ac, maxHp, attackBonus, damageDice, campaignId, createdAt, ...publicNpc } = npc;
-      out.npc = isDM ? { ...publicNpc, dmNotes, ac, maxHp, attackBonus, damageDice } : publicNpc;
+      // Where they are usually found is the DM's to know, like their notes and stats.
+      const { dmNotes, ac, maxHp, attackBonus, damageDice, locationId, campaignId, createdAt, ...publicNpc } = npc;
+      out.npc = isDM ? { ...publicNpc, dmNotes, ac, maxHp, attackBonus, damageDice, locationId } : publicNpc;
    }
    if (hideHp && !character) {
      // Rounded up, so anything still standing shows a sliver of bar.
@@ -337,6 +334,31 @@ async function serializeEncounter(encounterId, isDM, viewerId) {
    .slice(0, 6)
    .map(showAction);

+  // Free roam: the places the party can go to, each with who is found there,
+  // what is for sale there, and which of the characters in the scene are
+  // there now. Everyone in the scene sees every place in it. An NPC's secrets
+  // and stats stay with the DM, as anywhere.
+  let places;
+  if (encounter.mode === 'FREE_ROAM') {
+    const rows = await prisma.encounterLocation.findMany({
+      where: { encounterId },
+      orderBy: { createdAt: 'asc' },
+      include: { location: { include: { npcs: { include: { wares: WARES }, orderBy: { name: 'asc' } }, wares: WARES } } },
+    });
+    places = rows.map(({ location: place }) => ({
+      id: place.id,
+      name: place.name,
+      description: place.description,
+      wares: place.wares,
+      npcs: place.npcs.map(({ dmNotes: secrets, ac, maxHp, attackBonus, damageDice, locationId, campaignId, createdAt, ...publicNpc }) =>
+        isDM ? { ...publicNpc, dmNotes: secrets, ac, maxHp, attackBonus, damageDice, locationId } : publicNpc
+      ),
+      here: encounter.participants
+        .filter((p) => p.character && p.character.currentLocationId === place.id)
+        .map((p) => ({ characterId: p.character.id, name: p.displayName, userId: p.character.userId })),
+    }));
+  }
+
  const { dmNotes, rewards, campaign, location, ...scene } = encounter;
  const knowsPlace = isDM || (location && (await visitedLocationIds(prisma, viewerId, encounter.campaignId)).has(location.id));
  return {
@@ -350,6 +372,7 @@ async function serializeEncounter(encounterId, isDM, viewerId) {
    fallen,
    actions,
    recentActions,
+    ...(places ? { places } : {}),
    rewards: isDM ? rewards : rewards.filter((r) => r.awardedAt),
  };
 }
@@ -372,7 +395,8 @@ async function syncCharacterLocations(req) {
    where: { id: req.encounter.id },
    include: { participants: { where: { characterId: { not: null } }, include: { character: { select: { id: true, currentLocationId: true } } } } },
  });
-  if (!encounter || encounter.status !== 'ACTIVE' || !encounter.locationId) return;
+  // In free roam each character goes where their player sends them.
+  if (!encounter || encounter.status !== 'ACTIVE' || !encounter.locationId || encounter.mode === 'FREE_ROAM') return;

  const elsewhere = encounter.participants.map((p) => p.character).filter((c) => c.currentLocationId !== encounter.locationId);
  await moveCharacters(prisma, elsewhere.map((c) => c.id), encounter.locationId);
@@ -396,7 +420,7 @@ router.get('/:id', requireEncounterAccess, async (req, res, next) => {

 const patchEncounterSchema = z.object({
  status: z.enum(['PLANNING', 'ACTIVE', 'COMPLETE']).optional(),
-  mode: z.enum(['BATTLE', 'QUEST']).optional(),
+  mode: z.enum(['BATTLE', 'QUEST', 'FREE_ROAM']).optional(),
  name: z.string().min(1).max(120).optional(),
  description: z.string().max(4000).nullable().optional(),
  dmNotes: z.string().max(4000).nullable().optional(),
@@ -1143,6 +1167,58 @@ router.post('/:id/actions/:actionId/apply', requireEncounterAccess, requireDM, a
  }
 });

+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Free roam — the party wanders between the places the DM has laid out for
+// the scene: to shop, to meet whoever is found there. The DM sets the places;
+// each player sends their own character to one (the DM can send anyone).
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// The whole list of places; an empty one clears it.
+router.put('/:id/places', requireEncounterAccess, requireDM, async (req, res, next) => {
+  try {
+    const parsed = z.object({ locationIds: z.array(z.string()).max(50) }).safeParse(req.body);
+    if (!parsed.success) return res.status(400).json({ error: parsed.error.flatten() });
+    const locationIds = [...new Set(parsed.data.locationIds)];
+    if ((await prisma.location.count({ where: { id: { in: locationIds }, campaignId: req.encounter.campaignId } })) !== locationIds.length) {
+      return res.status(400).json({ error: "Pick places from this campaign's locations." });
+    }
+    const had = await prisma.encounterLocation.findMany({ where: { encounterId: req.encounter.id }, select: { locationId: true } });
+    const keep = new Set(had.map((row) => row.locationId));
+    await prisma.$transaction([
+      prisma.encounterLocation.deleteMany({ where: { encounterId: req.encounter.id, locationId: { notIn: locationIds } } }),
+      // Added one at a time, in the order given, so the list keeps that order.
+      ...locationIds.filter((id) => !keep.has(id)).map((locationId) => prisma.encounterLocation.create({ data: { encounterId: req.encounter.id, locationId } })),
+    ]);
+    await respondWithEncounter(req, res);
+  } catch (err) {
+    next(err);
+  }
+});
+
+// A character goes to one of the scene's places: their own player sends them, or the DM.
+router.post('/:id/visit', requireEncounterAccess, async (req, res, next) => {
+  try {
+    const parsed = z.object({ characterId: z.string(), locationId: z.string() }).safeParse(req.body);
+    if (!parsed.success) return res.status(400).json({ error: parsed.error.flatten() });
+    const { characterId, locationId } = parsed.data;
+    if (req.encounter.mode !== 'FREE_ROAM') return res.status(400).json({ error: 'Only a free-roam scene has places to go to.' });
+    if (req.encounter.status !== 'ACTIVE') return res.status(400).json({ error: 'The scene has not begun yet.' });
+
+    const row = await prisma.encounterParticipant.findFirst({ where: { encounterId: req.encounter.id, characterId }, include: { character: true } });
+    if (!row) return res.status(400).json({ error: 'That character is not in this scene.' });
+    if (!req.isDM && row.character.userId !== req.user.id) return res.status(403).json({ error: 'You can only move your own character.' });
+    if (isFallen(row)) return res.status(400).json({ error: `${row.character.name} is dead.` });
+    const place = await prisma.encounterLocation.findFirst({ where: { encounterId: req.encounter.id, locationId } });
+    if (!place) return res.status(400).json({ error: 'That is not one of the places in this scene.' });
+
+    await moveCharacters(prisma, [characterId], locationId);
+    emitCharacterUpdated(req, characterId);
+    await respondWithEncounter(req, res);
+  } catch (err) {
+    next(err);
+  }
+});
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Experience — awarded once, shared evenly between the characters in the scene
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1333,10 +1409,18 @@ function money(amount, currency) {
 }

 // Trading takes someone to trade with and the time to do it, so it happens
-// in a quest in progress and never in a battle.
+// in a quest or a free-roam scene in progress, and never in a battle.
 function assertTradeOpen(encounter) {
-  if (encounter.mode !== 'QUEST') throw new TradeError('Trading happens in a quest, not in a battle.');
-  if (encounter.status !== 'ACTIVE') throw new TradeError('Trading opens once the quest is in progress.');
+  if (encounter.mode === 'BATTLE') throw new TradeError('Trading happens in a quest or while roaming, not in a battle.');
+  if (encounter.status !== 'ACTIVE') throw new TradeError(`Trading opens once the ${encounter.mode === 'QUEST' ? 'quest' : 'scene'} is in progress.`);
+}
+
+// In a free-roam scene a character trades where they are: the place has to
+// be one of the scene's, and they have to have gone there.
+async function assertAtPlace(req, character, locationId, what) {
+  const place = locationId ? await prisma.encounterLocation.findFirst({ where: { encounterId: req.encounter.id, locationId }, include: { location: true } }) : null;
+  if (!place) throw new TradeError(`${what} is not here to trade with.`);
+  if (character.currentLocationId !== locationId) throw new TradeError(`${character.name} has to go to ${place.location.name} first.`);
 }

 // The character doing the trading: in this scene, alive, and the player's
@@ -1349,8 +1433,15 @@ async function loadTrader(req, characterId) {
  return row.character;
 }

-// An NPC to trade with has to be in the scene and still standing.
-async function loadTradingNpc(req, npcId) {
+// An NPC to trade with has to be in the scene and still standing; in a
+// free-roam scene, at one of its places, with the character there too.
+async function loadTradingNpc(req, npcId, character) {
+  if (req.encounter.mode === 'FREE_ROAM') {
+    const npc = await prisma.npc.findFirst({ where: { id: npcId, campaignId: req.encounter.campaignId } });
+    if (!npc) throw new TradeError('That NPC is not here to trade with.');
+    await assertAtPlace(req, character, npc.locationId, npc.name);
+    return npc;
+  }
  const row = await prisma.encounterParticipant.findFirst({ where: { encounterId: req.encounter.id, npcId }, include: { npc: true } });
  if (!row || isFallen(row)) throw new TradeError('That NPC is not here to trade with.');
  return row.npc;
@@ -1383,7 +1474,7 @@ router.post(
    const to = from === 'GOLD' ? 'CASH' : 'GOLD';

    const character = await loadTrader(req, characterId);
-    const npc = await loadTradingNpc(req, npcId);
+    const npc = await loadTradingNpc(req, npcId, character);
    if (!npc.exchangeGold || !npc.exchangeCash) throw new TradeError(`${npc.name} does not change money.`);
    const rate = { GOLD: npc.exchangeGold, CASH: npc.exchangeCash };
    if (amount % rate[from] !== 0) {
@@ -1425,7 +1516,12 @@ router.post(
    if (!ware || ware.campaignId !== req.encounter.campaignId || (ware.encounterId && ware.encounterId !== req.encounter.id)) {
      throw new TradeError('That is not for sale here.', 404);
    }
-    const seller = ware.npcId ? (await loadTradingNpc(req, ware.npcId)).name : null;
+    // A shop at a place sells to whoever has gone there, while that place is part of the scene.
+    if (ware.locationId) {
+      if (req.encounter.mode !== 'FREE_ROAM') throw new TradeError('That is not for sale here.', 404);
+      await assertAtPlace(req, character, ware.locationId, 'That shop');
+    }
+    const seller = ware.npcId ? (await loadTradingNpc(req, ware.npcId, character)).name : null;
    const kind = ware.weapon ? 'weapon' : 'item';
    const entry = ware[kind];
    const total = ware.price * quantity;
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ const POOLS = {
  },
  items: {
    library: ITEM_LIBRARY,
-    row: z.strictObject({ name: text(120), description: optionalText(2000), damageDice: dice, ...gear }),
+    row: z.strictObject({ name: text(120), description: optionalText(2000), damageDice: dice, armorType: z.enum(['LIGHT', 'MEDIUM', 'HEAVY', 'SHIELD']).nullish(), ...gear }),
  },
  spells: {
    library: SPELL_LIBRARY,
@@ -115,8 +115,19 @@ function describeSource(actor, source) {
    const spell = known.spell;
    if (!canUseGear(character.level, spell.level)) throw new ActionError(`${spell.name} is beyond ${character.name}'s level.`);
    const casting = sheet.spellcasting;
-    // A cantrip takes no slot; any other spell takes one of its own level or higher.
-    const slotLevel = spell.level > 0 ? Math.max(spell.level, source.slotLevel || spell.level) : null;
+    // A cantrip takes no slot; any other spell takes one of its own level, or
+    // the lowest one above it that is left. With none left it cannot be cast.
+    // (A character with no slots at all, handed a spell by the DM, casts it freely.)
+    let slotLevel = null;
+    if (spell.level > 0) {
+      slotLevel = Math.max(spell.level, source.slotLevel || spell.level);
+      if (sheet.spellSlots) {
+        const wanted = slotLevel;
+        const free = sheet.spellSlots.levels.find((l) => l.level >= wanted && l.remaining > 0);
+        if (!free) throw new ActionError(`${character.name} has no spell slot of level ${wanted} or higher left, so cannot cast ${spell.name}.`);
+        slotLevel = free.level;
+      }
+    }
    const base = { damageDice: spell.damageDice || null, damageBonus: 0, damageType: null, characterId: character.id, spellLevel: spell.level, slotLevel };
    if (spell.attackRoll) return { kind: 'ATTACK', name: spell.name, detail: { ...base, attackBonus: casting ? casting.attackBonus : 0 } };
    if (spell.saveAbility) {
@@ -34,4 +34,8 @@ async function settleHp(db, characterIds) {
  return changed;
 }

-module.exports = { SHEET_INCLUDE, sheetOf, settleHp };
+// A character's spells in the order they are listed everywhere: cantrips
+// first, then by spell level, then by name.
+const bySpellLevel = (a, b) => a.spell.level - b.spell.level || a.spell.name.localeCompare(b.spell.name);
+
+module.exports = { SHEET_INCLUDE, sheetOf, settleHp, bySpellLevel };
@@ -147,8 +147,10 @@ this order:
   Eye, Silver Tongue, Field Medic, Tough as Nails, …).

 These are table rules written in plain words for the DM to apply. The app
-does not calculate anything from them: Rage does not add damage by itself, and
-Unarmored Defense does not change AC unless the DM sets the extra AC.
+does not calculate anything from most of them: Rage does not add damage by
+itself. The exception is the handful that change a number on the sheet
+(Unarmored Defense, Fast Movement and the rest): those are worked out for
+you, as section 8 ("Class features that are counted") sets out.

 **Background** is five lines, one per question:

@@ -814,9 +816,9 @@ themselves.

 | Stat | Formula |
 |---|---|
-| Armor Class | 10 + DEX modifier + equipped gear + the DM's extra AC |
-| Initiative | DEX modifier + equipped gear |
-| Speed | Species speed, unless a speed override is set, + equipped gear |
+| Armor Class | 10 + DEX modifier (as much of it as the armor worn lets through; or what a class feature gives without armor, below) + equipped gear + the DM's extra AC |
+| Initiative | DEX modifier + a bard's Jack of All Trades + equipped gear |
+| Speed | Species speed + a class's extra speed, unless a speed override is set, + equipped gear |
 | Passive Perception | 10 + Perception skill bonus + equipped gear |
 | Passive Investigation, Passive Insight | 10 + that skill's bonus (gear that raises the skill raises it too) |
 | Hit dice | One per level, of the class's die size (shown only; not spent or tracked) |
@@ -832,6 +834,57 @@ item is doing what. An effect on an ability score changes the score itself,
 so everything in sections 5 to 10 that is built on that ability moves too.
 The full rules are in [ITEMS.md](ITEMS.md), section 5.

+**Dexterity in armor.** How much of the DEX modifier counts toward AC goes by
+the armor that is equipped (items are marked light, medium or heavy:
+[ITEMS.md](ITEMS.md), section 5):
+
+| Armor worn | DEX modifier counted toward AC |
+|---|---|
+| None, or light | All of it |
+| Medium | At most +2 (a penalty counts in full) |
+| Heavy | None of it, a penalty included |
+
+Only AC is affected: initiative, Dexterity saves and skills use the full
+modifier. When the armor is holding something back, the "From Equipped Gear"
+card says so. A shield changes nothing here, and neither does an item with
+AC that is not marked as armor.
+
+### Class features that are counted
+
+These class features change a number, so the sheet works them out. Nobody
+adds them by hand, and the "From Class Features" card on the sheet lists the
+ones in force and what each is doing.
+
+| Feature | From | What the sheet does |
+|---|---|---|
+| Unarmored Defense | Barbarian 1 | AC starts from 10 + DEX + CON while no armor is equipped. A shield still adds |
+| Unarmored Defense | Monk 1 | AC starts from 10 + DEX + WIS while no armor and no shield is equipped |
+| Draconic Resilience | Sorcerer (Draconic Bloodline) 3 | AC starts from 13 + DEX while no armor is equipped, and maximum HP is 1 higher for each sorcerer level |
+| Fast Movement | Barbarian 5 | +10 ft speed unless heavy armor is equipped |
+| Unarmored Movement | Monk 2 | +10 ft speed (15 at monk level 6, 20 at 10, 25 at 14, 30 at 18) while no armor and no shield is equipped |
+| Aura of Protection | Paladin 6 | Charisma modifier (at least +1) added to every one of the paladin's own saving throws. Allies in the aura add it by hand |
+| Diamond Soul | Monk 14 | Proficient in every saving throw |
+| Slippery Mind | Rogue 15 | Proficient in Wisdom saving throws |
+| Jack of All Trades | Bard 2 | Half the proficiency bonus (rounded down) added to initiative and to every skill the bard is not proficient in (and so to the passive scores) |
+
+- **By class level.** A multiclassed character gets each feature at the level
+  it comes in the class that gives it: a Paladin 6 / Barbarian 1 has the aura
+  and Unarmored Defense, but not Fast Movement.
+- **One way of working out AC.** With more than one (a barbarian who is also a
+  monk), the best is used, never both. It is left out when plain 10 + DEX is
+  better (a barbarian with a Constitution penalty). Gear and the DM's Extra AC
+  add on top either way.
+- **What is worn** is read from equipped items marked as **armor** (light,
+  medium or heavy) or as a **shield** ([ITEMS.md](ITEMS.md), section 5). The
+  library's armor and shield are marked already. An item that only gives +AC
+  and is not marked (a ring) is not armor and stops nothing.
+- **A speed override wins.** When the DM has set a speed for a character it is
+  used as it is, and a class's extra speed is not added to it.
+- **If the DM used to add these by hand** (Constitution put into Extra AC for
+  a barbarian, say), take that out, or it now counts twice.
+
+Every other class feature is still a line of text for the table to apply.
+
 **Extra AC** is a number only the DM can set on the sheet, added to AC on top
 of gear, for anything an item does not cover. It can be negative. (It used to
 be called "armor bonus" and stood in for all armor; characters keep whatever
@@ -1343,7 +1396,8 @@ calculations for them.
  rest and lists conditions, but applies none of their effects
 - Counters for species traits, talents and Boons, and uses the special
  abilities give "a few times per day" beyond the ones in section 7
- Armor rules beyond a flat bonus to AC (no "replaces 10 + DEX", no cap on DEX)
+- Armor proficiency, a Strength score needed for heavy armor, and
+  disadvantage on Stealth (these are notes on the armor)
 - Weapon proficiency (everyone is proficient with everything)
 - Shared rolls: a roll made from the sheet is seen only by whoever clicked,
  and is not recorded
@@ -1426,12 +1480,12 @@ This list is written from the app's own data by `npm run docs:lists` (in `/backe
 | Class | Abilities |
 |---|---|
 | Artificer | **Magical Tinkering** — Touch a tiny object to give it a small magic: it shines, plays a recorded message, gives off a smell or sound, or shows a picture. You can keep as many going as your Intelligence modifier.<br>**Spellcasting** — You cast artificer spells through tools: thieves’ tools, artisan’s tools or an infused item serve as your focus. |
-| Barbarian | **Rage** — Twice per day, for one minute: +2 melee damage, advantage on Strength checks and saves, and physical damage against you is halved.<br>**Unarmored Defense** — Without armor, add your Constitution modifier to your AC (ask your DM to set your armor bonus). |
+| Barbarian | **Rage** — Twice per day, for one minute: +2 melee damage, advantage on Strength checks and saves, and physical damage against you is halved.<br>**Unarmored Defense** — Without armor, add your Constitution modifier to your AC (counted on your sheet). A shield still adds. |
 | Bard | **Bardic Inspiration** — A few times per day, as a bonus action, give an ally a d6 to add to one attack, check or save.<br>**Jack of Many Tales** — You have heard a story about nearly everything: ask your DM for one useful rumour per session. |
 | Cleric | **Divine Domain** — Choose with your DM what your god stands for (life, light, war, knowledge…). It shapes the favours you can ask.<br>**Healing Hands** — Once per rest, touch a creature to restore 1d8 + your Wisdom modifier hit points. |
 | Druid | **Druidic** — You know the secret language of druids and can leave hidden messages in it.<br>**Nature’s Voice** — You can calm and make simple requests of ordinary animals. |
 | Fighter | **Second Wind** — Once per rest, as a bonus action, recover 1d10 + your level hit points.<br>**Fighting Style** — Choose one with your DM: +2 to ranged attacks, +1 AC in armor, or +2 damage with a one-handed weapon. |
-| Monk | **Martial Arts** — Your unarmed strikes deal 1d4 damage and can use Dexterity. After attacking, make one unarmed strike as a bonus action.<br>**Unarmored Defense** — Without armor, add your Wisdom modifier to your AC (ask your DM to set your armor bonus). |
+| Monk | **Martial Arts** — Your unarmed strikes deal 1d4 damage and can use Dexterity. After attacking, make one unarmed strike as a bonus action.<br>**Unarmored Defense** — Without armor or a shield, add your Wisdom modifier to your AC (counted on your sheet). |
 | Paladin | **Divine Sense** — A few times per day, sense any celestial, fiend or undead within 60 feet.<br>**Lay on Hands** — A pool of healing equal to 5 × your level per day, spent by touch however you like. |
 | Ranger | **Favored Enemy** — Choose a kind of creature with your DM. Advantage on checks to track them and to recall what you know about them.<br>**Natural Explorer** — In the wild you cannot get lost, you find twice as much food, and difficult terrain does not slow your group. |
 | Rogue | **Sneak Attack** — Once per turn, deal an extra 1d6 damage to a target you have advantage against, or that has one of your allies next to it.<br>**Thieves’ Cant** — You know the secret slang and signs of the criminal underworld. |
@@ -1706,7 +1760,7 @@ This list is written from the app's own data by `npm run docs:lists` (in `/backe
 | 2 | **Reckless Attack**: On your first attack each turn you may attack with advantage; attacks against you have advantage until your next turn.<br>**Danger Sense**: Advantage on Dexterity saves against effects you can see (traps, breath, spells). |
 | 3 | **Rage** (replaces): Three times per day, for one minute: +2 melee damage, advantage on Strength checks and saves, and physical damage against you is halved. |
 | 4 | **Boon** (choose one) |
-| 5 | **Extra Attack**: Attack twice when you take the Attack action.<br>**Fast Movement**: +10 ft speed when not in heavy armor (ask your DM to raise your speed). |
+| 5 | **Extra Attack**: Attack twice when you take the Attack action.<br>**Fast Movement**: +10 ft speed when not in heavy armor (counted on your sheet). |
 | 6 | **Rage** (replaces): Four times per day, for one minute: +2 melee damage, advantage on Strength checks and saves, and physical damage against you is halved. |
 | 7 | **Feral Instinct**: Advantage on initiative; you can act normally in a surprise round if you rage first. |
 | 8 | **Boon** (choose one) |
@@ -1776,7 +1830,7 @@ This list is written from the app's own data by `npm run docs:lists` (in `/backe

 | Level | Written into Special Abilities |
 |---|---|
-| 2 | **Jack of All Trades**: Add half your proficiency bonus (round down) to any check you are not proficient in.<br>**Song of Rest**: During a short rest, allies who spend Hit Dice heal an extra 1d6. |
+| 2 | **Jack of All Trades**: Add half your proficiency bonus (round down) to any check you are not proficient in (counted on your sheet for skills and initiative).<br>**Song of Rest**: During a short rest, allies who spend Hit Dice heal an extra 1d6. |
 | 3 | **Expertise**: Double proficiency on two proficient skills (add by hand). |
 | 4 | **Boon** (choose one) |
 | 5 | **Bardic Inspiration** (replaces): A few times per day, as a bonus action, give an ally a d8 to add to one attack, check or save.<br>**Font of Inspiration**: Regain Bardic Inspiration on a short rest.<br>**Cantrips**: Double dice. Roll twice the damage dice the site shows for a damaging cantrip (Eldritch Blast becomes two beams, each with its own attack roll). |
@@ -2059,23 +2113,23 @@ This list is written from the app's own data by `npm run docs:lists` (in `/backe

 | Level | Written into Special Abilities |
 |---|---|
-| 2 | **Ki**: Points equal to your level; they come back on a short rest. Ki save DC is 8 + proficiency bonus + Wisdom modifier.<br>**Flurry of Blows**: 1 ki: two unarmed strikes as a bonus action.<br>**Patient Defense**: 1 ki: Dodge as a bonus action.<br>**Step of the Wind**: 1 ki: Dash or Disengage as a bonus action, jump distance doubled.<br>**Unarmored Movement**: +10 ft speed without armor (ask your DM to raise your speed). |
+| 2 | **Ki**: Points equal to your level; they come back on a short rest. Ki save DC is 8 + proficiency bonus + Wisdom modifier.<br>**Flurry of Blows**: 1 ki: two unarmed strikes as a bonus action.<br>**Patient Defense**: 1 ki: Dodge as a bonus action.<br>**Step of the Wind**: 1 ki: Dash or Disengage as a bonus action, jump distance doubled.<br>**Unarmored Movement**: +10 ft speed without armor (counted on your sheet). |
 | 3 | **Deflect Missiles**: Reaction: reduce ranged weapon damage by 1d10 + Dexterity modifier + your level. |
 | 4 | **Boon** (choose one)<br>**Slow Fall**: Reaction: reduce falling damage by 5 × your level. |
 | 5 | **Extra Attack**: Attack twice when you take the Attack action.<br>**Stunning Strike**: 1 ki after a melee hit: the target makes a Constitution save or is stunned until your next turn.<br>**Martial Arts** (replaces): Your unarmed strikes deal 1d6 damage and can use Dexterity. After attacking, make one unarmed strike as a bonus action. |
-| 6 | **Ki-Empowered Strikes**: Your unarmed strikes count as magical.<br>**Unarmored Movement** (replaces): +15 ft speed without armor (ask your DM to raise your speed). |
+| 6 | **Ki-Empowered Strikes**: Your unarmed strikes count as magical.<br>**Unarmored Movement** (replaces): +15 ft speed without armor (counted on your sheet). |
 | 7 | **Evasion**: On a Dexterity save for half damage, take none on a success and half on a failure.<br>**Stillness of Mind**: Action: end charm or fear on yourself. |
 | 8 | **Boon** (choose one) |
-| 9 | **Unarmored Movement** (replaces): +15 ft speed without armor (ask your DM to raise your speed). You can run along walls and across water during your move. |
-| 10 | **Purity of Body**: Immune to poison and disease.<br>**Unarmored Movement** (replaces): +20 ft speed without armor (ask your DM to raise your speed). You can run along walls and across water during your move. |
+| 9 | **Unarmored Movement** (replaces): +15 ft speed without armor (counted on your sheet). You can run along walls and across water during your move. |
+| 10 | **Purity of Body**: Immune to poison and disease.<br>**Unarmored Movement** (replaces): +20 ft speed without armor (counted on your sheet). You can run along walls and across water during your move. |
 | 11 | **Martial Arts** (replaces): Your unarmed strikes deal 1d8 damage and can use Dexterity. After attacking, make one unarmed strike as a bonus action. |
 | 12 | **Boon** (choose one) |
 | 13 | **Tongue of the Sun and Moon**: You understand every spoken language, and anyone who speaks one understands you. |
-| 14 | **Diamond Soul**: You are proficient in every saving throw (add the bonus by hand); 1 ki rerolls a failed save.<br>**Unarmored Movement** (replaces): +25 ft speed without armor (ask your DM to raise your speed). You can run along walls and across water during your move. |
+| 14 | **Diamond Soul**: You are proficient in every saving throw (counted on your sheet); 1 ki rerolls a failed save.<br>**Unarmored Movement** (replaces): +25 ft speed without armor (counted on your sheet). You can run along walls and across water during your move. |
 | 15 | **Timeless Body**: You need no food or water and suffer none of the frailty of old age. |
 | 16 | **Boon** (choose one) |
 | 17 | **Martial Arts** (replaces): Your unarmed strikes deal 1d10 damage and can use Dexterity. After attacking, make one unarmed strike as a bonus action. |
-| 18 | **Empty Body**: 4 ki: invisible for one minute, and all damage but force against you is halved. 8 ki: cast Astral Projection on yourself.<br>**Unarmored Movement** (replaces): +30 ft speed without armor (ask your DM to raise your speed). You can run along walls and across water during your move. |
+| 18 | **Empty Body**: 4 ki: invisible for one minute, and all damage but force against you is halved. 8 ki: cast Astral Projection on yourself.<br>**Unarmored Movement** (replaces): +30 ft speed without armor (counted on your sheet). You can run along walls and across water during your move. |
 | 19 | **Boon** (choose one) |
 | 20 | **Perfect Self**: When you roll initiative with no ki left, regain 4 ki. |

@@ -2136,7 +2190,7 @@ This list is written from the app's own data by `npm run docs:lists` (in `/backe
 | 3 | **Divine Health**: Immune to disease. |
 | 4 | **Boon** (choose one) |
 | 5 | **Extra Attack**: Attack twice when you take the Attack action.<br>**Cantrips**: Double dice. Roll twice the damage dice the site shows for a damaging cantrip (Eldritch Blast becomes two beams, each with its own attack roll). |
-| 6 | **Aura of Protection**: You and allies within 10 ft add your Charisma modifier to all saving throws while you are conscious. |
+| 6 | **Aura of Protection**: You and allies within 10 ft add your Charisma modifier to all saving throws while you are conscious (yours is counted on your sheet). |
 | 7 | No new feature |
 | 8 | **Boon** (choose one) |
 | 9 | No new feature |
@@ -2148,7 +2202,7 @@ This list is written from the app's own data by `npm run docs:lists` (in `/backe
 | 15 | No new feature |
 | 16 | **Boon** (choose one) |
 | 17 | No new feature |
-| 18 | **Aura of Protection** (replaces): You and allies within 30 ft add your Charisma modifier to all saving throws while you are conscious.<br>**Aura of Courage** (replaces): You and allies within 30 ft can’t be frightened. |
+| 18 | **Aura of Protection** (replaces): You and allies within 30 ft add your Charisma modifier to all saving throws while you are conscious (yours is counted on your sheet).<br>**Aura of Courage** (replaces): You and allies within 30 ft can’t be frightened. |
 | 19 | **Boon** (choose one) |
 | 20 | No new feature |

@@ -2271,7 +2325,7 @@ This list is written from the app's own data by `npm run docs:lists` (in `/backe
 | 12 | **Boon** (choose one) |
 | 13 | **Sneak Attack** (replaces): Once per turn, deal an extra 7d6 damage to a target you have advantage against, or that has one of your allies next to it. |
 | 14 | **Blindsense**: If you can hear, you know where any hidden or invisible creature within 10 ft is. |
-| 15 | **Sneak Attack** (replaces): Once per turn, deal an extra 8d6 damage to a target you have advantage against, or that has one of your allies next to it.<br>**Slippery Mind**: You are proficient in Wisdom saves (add the bonus by hand). |
+| 15 | **Sneak Attack** (replaces): Once per turn, deal an extra 8d6 damage to a target you have advantage against, or that has one of your allies next to it.<br>**Slippery Mind**: You are proficient in Wisdom saves (counted on your sheet). |
 | 16 | **Boon** (choose one) |
 | 17 | **Sneak Attack** (replaces): Once per turn, deal an extra 9d6 damage to a target you have advantage against, or that has one of your allies next to it. |
 | 18 | **Elusive**: No attack against you has advantage while you are not incapacitated. |
@@ -2347,7 +2401,7 @@ This list is written from the app's own data by `npm run docs:lists` (in `/backe

 | Subclass | Level | Written into Special Abilities |
 |---|---|---|
-| **Draconic Bloodline**<br>Dragon blood: tougher skin and one element at your call.<br>_Player’s Handbook_ | 3 | **Dragon Ancestor**: Draconic Bloodline. Choose a kind of dragon with your DM; its element is yours (red: fire, white: cold, blue: lightning, green: poison, black: acid). Thin scales make you hardier (ask your DM about Extra AC). |
+| **Draconic Bloodline**<br>Dragon blood: tougher skin and one element at your call.<br>_Player’s Handbook_ | 3 | **Dragon Ancestor**: Draconic Bloodline. Choose a kind of dragon with your DM; its element is yours (red: fire, white: cold, blue: lightning, green: poison, black: acid). Thin scales make you hardier: without armor your AC is 13 + Dexterity, and you have 1 more maximum HP for each sorcerer level (both counted on your sheet). |
 | — | 6 | **Elemental Affinity**: Draconic Bloodline. Add your Charisma modifier to one damage roll of your dragon’s element; spend 1 sorcery point to resist that element for 1 hour. |
 | — | 14 | **Dragon Wings**: Bonus action: sprout dragon wings and fly at your speed until you dismiss them. |
 | — | 18 | **Draconic Presence**: Action, 5 sorcery points: for a minute, creatures within 60 ft make a Wisdom save or are charmed (awe) or frightened (fear) of you. |
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ This describes the code as it stands. The rules live in
 ## Contents

 1. [The basics](#1-the-basics)
-2. [Battle or quest](#2-battle-or-quest)
+2. [Battle, quest or free roam](#2-battle-quest-or-free-roam)
 3. [Status](#3-status)
 4. [The scene and DM notes](#4-the-scene-and-dm-notes)
 5. [Who is in the scene](#5-who-is-in-the-scene)
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ This describes the code as it stands. The rules live in

 ## 1. The basics

- An encounter is one **scene** the DM runs: a fight, or a meeting with
-  people who want something.
+- An encounter is one **scene** the DM runs: a fight, a meeting with people
+  who want something, or a stretch of free roaming between places.
 - Encounters belong to a campaign and are listed on the campaign page. The DM
  creates them and sees all of them.
 - A player only sees an encounter that **one of their own characters is in**.
@@ -39,31 +39,64 @@ This describes the code as it stands. The rules live in
 - The encounter page updates live for everyone who has it open.
 - The DM runs everything. Players watch, and see less than the DM does.

-## 2. Battle or quest
+## 2. Battle, quest or free roam

 Every encounter has a mode, chosen when it is created and switchable at any
 time from the top of the page.

-| | Battle | NPC quest |
-|---|---|---|
-| For | A fight | A scene built around people and an objective |
-| Layout | Everyone in one list, in initiative order; once in progress, those who have had their turn move to "Next Round" at the bottom | Three groups: "People you meet", "The party", "Creatures" |
-| Rounds and turns | Yes | No |
-| Initiative | The d20 roll, typed in per combatant; the bonus is added | The same; each group lists highest first |
-| Start button | Begin Battle | Begin Quest |
-| End button | End Battle | Complete Quest |
-| Trade (section 10) | No | Yes, while in progress |
+| | Battle | NPC quest | Free roam |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| For | A fight | A scene built around people and an objective | The party wandering between places: shopping, meeting people |
+| Layout | Everyone in one list, in initiative order; once in progress, those who have had their turn move to "Next Round" at the bottom | Three groups: "People you meet", "The party", "Creatures" | A card per place, then the party |
+| Rounds and turns | Yes | No | No |
+| Initiative | The d20 roll, typed in per combatant; the bonus is added | The same; each group lists highest first | Not needed |
+| Start button | Begin Battle | Begin Quest | Begin Roaming |
+| End button | End Battle | Complete Quest | End Free Roam |
+| Trade (section 10) | No | Yes, while in progress, with the NPCs in the scene | Yes, while in progress, at the place a character has gone to |
+| Who is in it | Whoever the DM adds | Whoever the DM adds | Whoever the DM adds |

 Everything else (hit points, conditions, rewards, the scene description, DM
-notes) works the same in both.
+notes) works the same in all three.
+
+### Free roam
+
+A free-roam encounter lays out **places the party can go to**: some of the
+campaign's locations, picked by the DM as the ones nearby.
+
+- **Who is in it** is up to the DM, as with any encounter: nobody is added
+  automatically, because the party may be split, with some of them somewhere
+  else. Add the characters who are here from "Add to the scene"; a player
+  sees the scene once their character is in it.
+- **Places.** On its page the DM ticks which of the campaign's locations are
+  part of the scene ("Places in this scene"), and can tick more, or untick
+  some, while it is in progress. Locations are made on the campaign page.
+- **Each place is a card** showing its description, who of the party is there
+  now, the **NPCs found there** (name, role, description, what they sell and
+  the rate they change money at), and the place's **own shop**. Everyone in
+  the scene sees every place in it, whether or not they have been there.
+- **Going somewhere.** Once the DM presses Begin Roaming, a player picks their
+  character and presses **Go here** on a place: the character is now there
+  (it shows on their sheet too, and the place joins the ones they know). The
+  DM can send anyone.
+- **Shopping.** A character buys from a place's shop, and buys from or changes
+  money with an NPC found there, only while they are **at that place**. The
+  Buy button says so otherwise.
+- **Setting it up (DM).** A place's own shop is stocked from its card ("Set up
+  this place's own shop"): weapons and items from the campaign's pools, with a
+  price and stock, exactly as an NPC's wares are. It belongs to the location,
+  so it is there in every free-roam scene that includes the place. An NPC is
+  put at a place with **Found at** on the NPC's pop-out
+  ([NPCS.md](NPCS.md)); what they sell is set there too.
+- An encounter's own location (the picker at the top) does not pull the party
+  together in free roam: each character is where they were sent.

 ## 3. Status

 | Status | Meaning | How to get there |
 |---|---|---|
 | Planning | Being set up | Every new encounter starts here |
-| In progress | Being played | Begin Battle / Begin Quest, or Reopen |
-| Complete | Finished | End Battle / Complete Quest |
+| In progress | Being played | Begin Battle / Begin Quest / Begin Roaming, or Reopen |
+| Complete | Finished | End Battle / Complete Quest / End Free Roam |

 Status is a label. Nothing is locked when an encounter is complete: the DM
 can still change HP, add people and award rewards. Encounters cannot be
@@ -96,6 +129,13 @@ with three pages or more, a menu to jump to any page), and
 the DM's archived list is paged the same way. The order runs on across pages:
 moving the last encounter on a page down carries it to the top of the next.

+**Completed encounters are hidden.** An encounter that is **Complete** is
+left off the list, for the DM and the players alike, so the list is what is
+still to play. A **Show completed (N)** tick box above the list brings them
+back; the choice is remembered per browser. ▲ and ▼ move an encounter past its
+neighbour on the list as shown. Opening a completed encounter from a link
+still works, and nothing about it changes.
+
 **Archive.** "Archive" (on the list or the encounter page) puts an encounter
 away without changing it. It moves to the DM's "Archived" section and
 disappears from the players' list; a player whose character is in it can still
@@ -187,8 +227,14 @@ Each has a card. The card's left edge is coloured by kind, and it shows:
  (● proficient, ◆ expertise) with passive Perception, Investigation and
  Insight, and special abilities. A weapon that is not equipped is not on the
  card and cannot be used; "No weapon equipped" shows when there is none.
-  Equipping is changed from "📋 Sheet", at any point in the scene. The name
-  links to the character sheet.
+  Equipping is changed from "📋 Sheet". In a **battle in progress** a player
+  can change the weapon in their character's hand (equip or unequip) at two
+  moments only: **as the battle begins**, before anyone has made a move
+  (round 1, still the first combatant's turn, nothing declared or landed),
+  and **on their own turn once their attack has landed**, before the turn
+  passes. At any other moment the sheet refuses and says why. The DM is not
+  held to this and can change it at any time; items are not affected, and
+  neither is a quest or free roam. The name links to the character sheet.
 - **Monsters:** for the DM, AC, speed, attack and damage, and under "details"
  ability scores, trait and notes.
 - **NPCs:** role, attitude and description; for the DM also AC, attack,
@@ -458,8 +504,8 @@ to someone else, keeping the d20 already rolled.

 **4. Apply (DM).** **✔ Apply** (or the **A** key) lets it land: each target
 loses what the card says, with temp HP, death saves and the fallen handled as
-for any damage; a spell spends a slot of its level from its caster (if they
-have none left it says so and spends nothing); anyone hurt while
+for any damage; a spell spends the slot it was declared with from its caster
+(a cantrip spends nothing); anyone hurt while
 Concentrating gets a line telling the DM the save to call for. The card then
 moves to **⚔ What just happened** in the side column, where the last few
 actions stay for everyone to read. **✕ Discard** throws it away; a player can
@@ -624,8 +670,9 @@ characters' sheets. XP never levels anyone up by itself

 ## 10. Trade

-In an NPC quest the party can **change money** and **buy things**. Both take
-someone to deal with and the time to do it, so:
+In an NPC quest the party can **change money** and **buy things**. (In free
+roam they do the same at the place each character has gone to: section 2,
+"Free roam".) Both take someone to deal with and the time to do it, so:

 - Trading is open only in an **NPC quest that is in progress**. Before "Begin
  Quest" and after "Complete Quest" everything on offer is still shown, but
@@ -700,6 +747,8 @@ information cannot be dug out of the page.
 | Change HP or conditions | Yes | No |
 | Enter an initiative roll | Yes, for anyone | For their own character only |
 | Mark targets | Yes, any time | On their own character's turn |
+| Pick a free-roam scene's places, stock a place's shop | Yes | No |
+| Send a character to a place in free roam | Yes, anyone | Their own character |
 | Declare an attack or a spell | Yes, for anyone, and anything spelled out | For their own character, on its turn, with its weapons and spells |
 | Enter or roll an attack's d20 and damage | Yes | For their own character's attack |
 | Enter or roll a saving throw | Yes, for anyone | For their own character |
@@ -66,6 +66,19 @@ passivePerception = 10 + perceptionSkillBonus
 armorClass = 10 + dexModifier + armorBonus
 ```

+`dexModifier` here is as much of it as the equipped armor lets through
+(`armorDexterity`): all of it with none or light armor, at most +2 in medium
+armor, none in heavy armor. Armor is an item marked with its kind
+(`Item.armorType`); its own AC is a gear effect.
+
+Without armor, a class feature can replace the `10 + dexModifier` part:
+Unarmored Defense (barbarian: `10 + DEX + CON`; monk, also without a shield:
+`10 + DEX + WIS`) and Draconic Resilience (`13 + DEX`). The best one is used,
+and only when it beats `10 + dexModifier`. These, and the other class features
+that change a sheet number (Fast Movement, Unarmored Movement, Aura of
+Protection, Diamond Soul, Slippery Mind, Jack of All Trades), live in
+`backend/src/game/classFeatures.js`; CHARACTERS.md section 8 lists them.
+
 `armorBonus` is a flat number the player enters representing whatever armor/shield
 they have equipped (this matches the workbook's "Armor Bonus (from armor worn)"
 input cell). Do not try to model armor types as a lookup table unless you want to
@@ -168,6 +168,19 @@ Armor, shields, rings, cloaks and the like are ordinary items that have
 **effects**. An effect is a whole number, positive for a bonus and negative
 for a penalty, on one of the sheet's numbers:

+**Armor and shields are marked as such.** An item's pop-out has an **Armor**
+menu: not armor (the default), light, medium, heavy, or shield. Its AC is
+still an effect (+AC, its usual AC less 10); the mark says what kind of thing
+it is. The sheet counts **all** of a character's Dexterity modifier toward AC
+in light armor, **at most +2** in medium armor and **none** in heavy armor
+([CHARACTERS.md](CHARACTERS.md), section 8), so plate is +8 and comes to AC
+18 whoever wears it. Some class features depend on what is worn too: a barbarian's and a monk's Unarmored
+Defense and a draconic sorcerer's scales stop while armor is equipped, a
+monk's also stop behind a shield, and a barbarian's extra speed stops in
+heavy armor ([CHARACTERS.md](CHARACTERS.md), section 8). The library's armor
+and shield come marked; mark your own. A ring or cloak that gives +AC is not
+armor: leave it unmarked.
+
 | It can change | Examples |
 |---|---|
 | AC | Chain mail +6, a shield +2, a cursed cloak −1 |
@@ -244,8 +257,8 @@ and [ENCOUNTERS.md](ENCOUNTERS.md), section 10.

 ## 9. What is not modelled

- Armor rules beyond a flat bonus: armor does not replace 10 + DEX, cap the
-  DEX bonus or need a Strength score (set the AC effect to match)
+- A Strength score needed for heavy armor, armor proficiency and Stealth
+  disadvantage: these are notes on the armor for the table to apply
 - Effects on attack rolls, damage, spell save DC or proficiency bonus
 - Effects that depend on something (only at night, only against undead), or
  that grow with the item's level
@@ -265,10 +278,10 @@ and [ENCOUNTERS.md](ENCOUNTERS.md), section 10.
 Everything "📚 From Library" offers. "While equipped" is what the item does
 to the sheet of whoever has it on.

-Armor is a flat bonus to AC on top of 10 + Dexterity: each suit's bonus is its
-standard AC less 10. What a flat bonus cannot say (heavy armor ignoring
-Dexterity, a Strength requirement, disadvantage on Stealth) is in the note,
-for the DM to apply or to build into the numbers of their own copy.
+Armor is a bonus to AC on top of 10 + Dexterity: each suit's bonus is its
+standard AC less 10, and it is marked light, medium or heavy, which sets how
+much Dexterity counts in it (section 5). What that cannot say (a Strength
+requirement, disadvantage on Stealth) is in the note, for the DM to apply.

 This list is written from the app's own data by `npm run docs:lists` (in `/backend`). Re-run it after changing the data; do not edit the list by hand.

@@ -285,20 +298,20 @@ This list is written from the app's own data by `npm run docs:lists` (in `/backe

 | Item | While equipped | Note | Dice | Description |
 |---|---|---|---|---|
-| Hide Armor | +2 AC | Standard rules: counts at most +2 from Dexterity. | — | Thick furs and pelts. |
-| Chain Shirt | +3 AC | Standard rules: counts at most +2 from Dexterity. | — | Interlocking rings worn between layers of clothing. |
-| Scale Mail | +4 AC | Disadvantage on Stealth checks. Standard rules: counts at most +2 from Dexterity. | — | A coat and leggings of leather covered in overlapping metal scales. |
-| Breastplate | +4 AC | Standard rules: counts at most +2 from Dexterity. | — | A fitted metal chest piece worn with supple leather. |
-| Half Plate | +5 AC | Disadvantage on Stealth checks. Standard rules: counts at most +2 from Dexterity. | — | Shaped metal plates covering most of the body. |
+| Hide Armor | +2 AC | Medium armor: at most +2 from Dexterity counts (worked out on the sheet). | — | Thick furs and pelts. |
+| Chain Shirt | +3 AC | Medium armor: at most +2 from Dexterity counts (worked out on the sheet). | — | Interlocking rings worn between layers of clothing. |
+| Scale Mail | +4 AC | Disadvantage on Stealth checks. Medium armor: at most +2 from Dexterity counts (worked out on the sheet). | — | A coat and leggings of leather covered in overlapping metal scales. |
+| Breastplate | +4 AC | Medium armor: at most +2 from Dexterity counts (worked out on the sheet). | — | A fitted metal chest piece worn with supple leather. |
+| Half Plate | +5 AC | Disadvantage on Stealth checks. Medium armor: at most +2 from Dexterity counts (worked out on the sheet). | — | Shaped metal plates covering most of the body. |

 ### Heavy Armor (4)

 | Item | While equipped | Note | Dice | Description |
 |---|---|---|---|---|
-| Ring Mail | +4 AC | Disadvantage on Stealth checks. Standard rules: adds no Dexterity. | — | Leather armor with heavy rings sewn into it. |
-| Chain Mail | +6 AC, −10 Speed | Disadvantage on Stealth checks. Standard rules: adds no Dexterity, and needs Strength 13. | — | Interlocking metal rings over a layer of quilted fabric, with gauntlets. |
-| Splint Armor | +7 AC, −10 Speed | Disadvantage on Stealth checks. Standard rules: adds no Dexterity, and needs Strength 15. | — | Narrow vertical strips of metal riveted to a leather backing. |
-| Plate Armor | +8 AC, −10 Speed | Disadvantage on Stealth checks. Standard rules: adds no Dexterity, and needs Strength 15. | — | Shaped, interlocking metal plates covering the whole body. |
+| Ring Mail | +4 AC | Disadvantage on Stealth checks. Heavy armor: Dexterity does not count (worked out on the sheet). | — | Leather armor with heavy rings sewn into it. |
+| Chain Mail | +6 AC, −10 Speed | Disadvantage on Stealth checks. Heavy armor: Dexterity does not count (worked out on the sheet). Standard rules: needs Strength 13. | — | Interlocking metal rings over a layer of quilted fabric, with gauntlets. |
+| Splint Armor | +7 AC, −10 Speed | Disadvantage on Stealth checks. Heavy armor: Dexterity does not count (worked out on the sheet). Standard rules: needs Strength 15. | — | Narrow vertical strips of metal riveted to a leather backing. |
+| Plate Armor | +8 AC, −10 Speed | Disadvantage on Stealth checks. Heavy armor: Dexterity does not count (worked out on the sheet). Standard rules: needs Strength 15. | — | Shaped, interlocking metal plates covering the whole body. |

 ### Shields (2)

@@ -50,6 +50,13 @@ This describes the code as it stands. Related: [ENCOUNTERS.md](ENCOUNTERS.md),

 A new NPC is Neutral unless you choose otherwise.

+**Found at.** An NPC can be given one of the campaign's locations as the place
+they are usually found, on their pop-out. In a **free-roam** encounter that
+includes that place, the NPC appears on its card, and a character who goes
+there can buy from them and change money with them
+([ENCOUNTERS.md](ENCOUNTERS.md), section 2, "Free roam"). It changes nothing in
+a quest or a battle, where an NPC takes part because the DM added them.
+
 ## 3. Managing NPCs

 The NPC list is the "NPCs" part of the campaign page (DM only). Each NPC is a
@@ -180,8 +180,18 @@ Each spell says how it is resolved when it is cast in an encounter
 The library's spells come already set (Fire Bolt and Guiding Bolt as spell
 attacks; Fireball, Burning Hands, Hold Person and the like as saves), and
 copies already in a campaign were marked to match when this was added.
-Casting a spell of 1st level or higher this way spends a slot of its level
-when the DM applies it.
+Casting a spell of 1st level or higher this way spends a slot when the DM
+applies it: one of the spell's own level, or, when those are gone, the lowest
+slot above it that is left. **With no slot of its level or higher left the
+spell cannot be declared**: its button is off and marked "no slot left".
+**Cantrips never take a slot** and can be cast every turn, with every slot
+the caster has spent or with none to begin with. A spell above what
+the character's level allows is not offered at all (section on levels), and a
+weapon has to be equipped and within the character's level to attack with.
+
+Wherever a character's spells are listed (the sheet, the encounter card, the
+attack picker) they run **cantrips first, then by spell level**, each with
+its level beside the name.

 ## 7. Spellcasting numbers

@@ -109,7 +109,10 @@ On a character's sheet, the DM picks a weapon from the pool and clicks Give.
  keeps the level it has. A character holds one stack per weapon, so two
  copies of the same weapon at different levels is not possible.
 - The DM can take a weapon away with ✕ on the sheet.
- The owning player, or the DM, ticks **Equipped**.
+- The owning player, or the DM, ticks **Equipped**. While the character is in
+  a battle in progress, a player can only change it as the battle begins or on
+  their own turn after their attack has landed
+  ([ENCOUNTERS.md](ENCOUNTERS.md), section 5); the DM always can.
 - **Only what is equipped counts.** A weapon has to be equipped to be used
  in an encounter, and gear only gives its effects while equipped. What is
  not equipped stays in the pack: still the character's, still listed on the
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "name": "frontend",
  "private": true,
-  "version": "1.27.0",
+  "version": "1.31.0",
  "type": "module",
  "scripts": {
    "dev": "vite",
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import { useMutation, useQuery, useQueryClient, type QueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import { apiClient } from './client';
 import type {
+  Ability,
+  ArmorType,
  ActionPatch,
  ActionSource,
  BuildOptions,
@@ -646,6 +648,12 @@ export function usePatchPoolEntry(campaignId: string, pool: Pool) {
      exchangeCash?: number | null;
      effects?: GearEffect[];
      effectNote?: string | null;
+      // A spell: how it lands in a battle. An NPC: where they are found.
+      attackRoll?: boolean;
+      saveAbility?: Ability | null;
+      halfOnSave?: boolean;
+      locationId?: string | null;
+      armorType?: ArmorType | null; // an item: what kind of armor it is, if any
    }) =>
      (await apiClient.patch(`/campaigns/${campaignId}/${pool}/${id}`, data)).data,
    onSuccess: () => {
@@ -840,7 +848,7 @@ export function useCreateEncounter(campaignId: string) {
  const qc = useQueryClient();
  return useMutation({
    // Where it goes in the campaign's order: the top, the bottom (the default), or straight after another.
-    mutationFn: async (data: { name: string; mode?: EncounterMode; position?: 'TOP' | 'BOTTOM'; afterEncounterId?: string }) =>
+    mutationFn: async (data: { name: string; mode?: EncounterMode; position?: 'TOP' | 'BOTTOM'; afterEncounterId?: string; placeIds?: string[] }) =>
      (await apiClient.post<{ encounter: Encounter }>(`/campaigns/${campaignId}/encounters`, data)).data.encounter,
    onSuccess: () => qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['campaign', campaignId, 'encounters'] }),
  });
@@ -986,6 +994,28 @@ export function useSetTargets(encounterId: string) {
  });
 }

+// Free roam: the DM sets the places the party can go to in the scene.
+export function useSetPlaces(encounterId: string) {
+  const qc = useQueryClient();
+  return useMutation({
+    mutationFn: async (locationIds: string[]) => (await apiClient.put(`/encounters/${encounterId}/places`, { locationIds })).data,
+    onSuccess: (data) => keepEncounter(qc, encounterId, data),
+  });
+}
+
+// Free roam: a character goes to one of the scene's places.
+export function useVisitPlace(encounterId: string) {
+  const qc = useQueryClient();
+  return useMutation({
+    mutationFn: async (data: { characterId: string; locationId: string }) => (await apiClient.post(`/encounters/${encounterId}/visit`, data)).data,
+    onSuccess: (data, { characterId }) => {
+      keepEncounter(qc, encounterId, data);
+      qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['character', characterId] });
+      qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['campaign'] }); // the places a player knows, and where the party is
+    },
+  });
+}
+
 // Declares an attack or a spell: by whoever is on turn unless an actor is
 // named, at the targets marked unless some are given.
 export function useDeclareAction(encounterId: string) {
@@ -1121,7 +1151,7 @@ export function useCreateNpc(campaignId: string) {
 // in progress, characters in the scene change money and buy
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

-export type NewWare = ({ npcId: string } | { encounterId: string }) &
+export type NewWare = ({ npcId: string } | { encounterId: string } | { locationId: string }) &
  ({ weaponId: string } | { itemId: string }) & { price: number; currency: Currency; level?: number; stock: number | null };

 // Wares reach the screen inside the NPC list and inside each encounter.
@@ -384,6 +384,7 @@ export interface CharacterSheet {
  spellSlots: SpellSlots | null; // null for a character with no spell slots
  resources: ClassResource[]; // the class counters, with how many of each are left
  gear: ActiveGear;
+  features: FeatureInForce[]; // class features already counted in the numbers above
 }

 export interface Weapon {
@@ -461,6 +462,18 @@ export interface Item {
  isStartingOption: boolean;
  effects: GearEffect[]; // armor is an item with an AC effect
  effectNote: string | null;
+  armorType: ArmorType | null; // set on armor and shields: what kind it is
+}
+
+// What kind of armor an item is. The sheet goes by what is equipped for the
+// class features that depend on it (Unarmored Defense, a monk's speed...).
+export type ArmorType = 'LIGHT' | 'MEDIUM' | 'HEAVY' | 'SHIELD';
+
+// A class feature counted in the sheet's numbers, in a line.
+export interface FeatureInForce {
+  name: string;
+  source: string; // the class or subclass that gives it
+  text: string;
 }

 export interface InventoryItem {
@@ -584,7 +597,8 @@ export interface MonsterAttack {
 }

 export type EncounterStatus = 'PLANNING' | 'ACTIVE' | 'COMPLETE';
-export type EncounterMode = 'BATTLE' | 'QUEST';
+// A fight in initiative order, a quest scene around NPCs, or free roam between places the DM has laid out.
+export type EncounterMode = 'BATTLE' | 'QUEST' | 'FREE_ROAM';
 export type NpcDisposition = 'FRIENDLY' | 'NEUTRAL' | 'HOSTILE';

 // Something for sale: a weapon or item from the campaign pools, at a price.
@@ -594,6 +608,7 @@ export interface SaleOffer {
  campaignId: string;
  npcId: string | null;
  encounterId: string | null;
+  locationId: string | null; // a shop that is always at this place
  weaponId: string | null;
  itemId: string | null;
  price: number; // for one, in `currency`
@@ -616,6 +631,18 @@ export interface NpcPublic {
  exchangeGold: number | null;
  exchangeCash: number | null;
  wares?: SaleOffer[]; // what they have for sale
+  locationId?: string | null; // where they are usually found: met there in a free-roam scene
+}
+
+// A place the party can go to in a free-roam scene: who is found there, what
+// is for sale there, and which of the characters in the scene are there now.
+export interface FreeRoamPlace {
+  id: string;
+  name: string;
+  description: string | null;
+  wares: SaleOffer[];
+  npcs: (NpcPublic & Partial<Npc>)[];
+  here: { characterId: string; name: string; userId: string | null }[];
 }

 // The DM's full record. dmNotes and the combat stats never reach a player.
@@ -802,7 +829,8 @@ export interface EncounterParticipant {
  // hidden from the players. Only the DM is ever sent one of these.
  hidden: boolean;
  npcId: string | null;
-  character?: { id: string; name: string; userId: string | null } | null;
+  // currentLocationId is sent in a free-roam scene only: where they have gone.
+  character?: { id: string; name: string; userId: string | null; currentLocationId?: string | null } | null;
  // The DM gets the whole stat block; players only the id and name.
  monster?: ({ id: string; name: string } & Partial<Monster>) | null;
  npc?: (NpcPublic & Partial<Npc>) | null;
@@ -838,6 +866,7 @@ export interface Encounter {
  // hidden ones), and the last few that landed.
  actions?: EncounterAction[];
  recentActions?: EncounterAction[];
+  places?: FreeRoamPlace[]; // a free-roam scene's places; absent for any other kind
  rewards?: EncounterReward[]; // players only receive the awarded ones
  wares?: SaleOffer[]; // for sale at the scene itself, not by an NPC in it
 }
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ const STAT_HELP: Record<string, string> = {
  SKILL_BONUS: 'Skill Bonus — added when you roll to use a skill. The governing ability modifier, plus your proficiency bonus if you are proficient (doubled if you have expertise).',
  EXPERTISE: 'Expertise — doubles your proficiency bonus for this skill, on top of being proficient.',
  ABILITY_MODIFIER: 'Ability Modifier — the number added to rolls that use this ability. floor((score − 10) / 2).',
-  ARMOR_BONUS: 'Extra AC — a number the DM sets, added to AC on top of 10 + Dex modifier and whatever equipped gear gives. Armor itself is an equipped item.',
+  ARMOR_BONUS: 'Extra AC — a number the DM sets, added to AC on top of 10 + Dex modifier and whatever equipped gear gives. Armor itself is an equipped item, and medium or heavy armor holds back how much Dexterity counts. Unarmored Defense (barbarian, monk) and a draconic sorcerer’s scales are worked out for you: do not add them here.',
  SPEED: 'Speed — how far you can move on your turn, in feet. Set by your species, unless overridden.',
  SPELL_SAVE_DC: 'Spell Save DC — the difficulty a target must beat to resist your spell. 8 + proficiency bonus + your spellcasting ability modifier.',
  SPELL_ATTACK_BONUS: 'Spell Attack Bonus — added when you make a spell attack roll. Proficiency bonus + your spellcasting ability modifier.',
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import type { CharacterSummary, Encounter, Item, SaleOffer, Weapon } from '../ap

 type ExchangeSide = 'GOLD' | 'CASH';

+// (A free-roam scene has its own panel: components/encounter/FreeRoam.tsx.)
 // Trade in a quest: changing gold and cash with an NPC who does that, at
 // their own rate, and buying what the NPCs in the scene — or the scene itself
 // — have for sale. Everyone sees what is on offer; a player trades for their
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ function WareRow({ campaignId, ware, onError }: { campaignId: string; ware: Sale
  );
 }

-// The DM's list of what one seller has for sale — an NPC, or an encounter
-// itself — with a form to put something from the campaign pools up for sale.
+// The DM's list of what one seller has for sale — an NPC, an encounter
+// itself, or a location (a shop that is always there) — with a form to put something from the campaign pools up for sale.
 export function WaresEditor({
  campaignId,
  seller,
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ export function WaresEditor({
  onError,
 }: {
  campaignId: string;
-  seller: { npcId: string } | { encounterId: string };
+  seller: { npcId: string } | { encounterId: string } | { locationId: string };
  wares: SaleOffer[];
  weapons: Weapon[];
  items: Item[];
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { useState, type ReactNode } from 'react';
-import { useDeleteMonster, useDeletePoolEntry, usePatchPoolEntry, useUpdateMonster } from '../../api/queries';
+import { useCampaignLocations, useDeleteMonster, useDeletePoolEntry, usePatchPoolEntry, useUpdateMonster } from '../../api/queries';
 import { Modal } from '../Modal';
 import { NumberInput } from '../NumberInput';
 import { ErrorBanner } from '../Spinner';
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { extractErrorMessage, fmtMod, spellLevelLabel, spellRequirementLabel } f
 import { abilityLine, rateLabel, type EntryKind, type EntryRef } from '../../lib/campaignEntries';
 import { Field, MonsterForm, ScalingSelect, SpellDamageSelect, SpellLandingSelect, StartLevelSelect } from './parts';
 import { landingValue } from '../../lib/campaignEntries';
-import type { GearEffect, Item, Monster, Npc, Spell, Weapon } from '../../api/types';
+import type { GearEffect, Item, Monster, Npc, Spell, Weapon, ArmorType } from '../../api/types';

 const KIND_NOUNS: Record<EntryKind, string> = { weapon: 'weapon', item: 'item', spell: 'spell', monster: 'monster', npc: 'NPC' };
 const ATTACK_ABILITY_LABELS: Record<Weapon['attackAbility'], string> = { STR: 'STR', DEX: 'DEX', FINESSE: 'Finesse (the better of STR and DEX)' };
@@ -90,6 +90,29 @@ function GearDetail({ campaignId, pool, entry, added, onClose }: { added: ReactN
        Starting option: a player may pick it while building a character
      </label>

+      {!weapon && 'armorType' in entry && (
+        <div className="mt-md">
+          <Field label="Armor">
+            {(id) => (
+              <select id={id} value={entry.armorType ?? ''} disabled={patch.isPending} onChange={(e) => patch.mutate({ id: entry.id, armorType: (e.target.value || null) as ArmorType | null }, { onError })}>
+                <option value="">Not armor</option>
+                <option value="LIGHT">Light armor</option>
+                <option value="MEDIUM">Medium armor</option>
+                <option value="HEAVY">Heavy armor</option>
+                <option value="SHIELD">Shield</option>
+              </select>
+            )}
+          </Field>
+          <p className="combatant-sub mt-sm">
+            Its AC is still set below, as +AC (its usual AC less 10). This says what kind it is. The sheet counts all of a character’s
+            Dexterity toward AC in light armor, at most +2 in medium armor and none in heavy armor. It also decides the class features
+            that depend on what is worn: a barbarian’s and a
+            monk’s Unarmored Defense and a draconic sorcerer’s scales stop while armor is equipped, a monk’s also behind a shield, and a
+            barbarian’s extra speed stops in heavy armor.
+          </p>
+        </div>
+      )}
+
      <div className="section-label mt-md">While equipped</div>
      <p className="combatant-sub" style={{ marginTop: 0 }}>
        These count for a character only while it is equipped and they are high enough level to use it. Armor is an item with
@@ -230,6 +253,7 @@ function MonsterDetail({ campaignId, monster, added, onClose }: { added: ReactNo
 function NpcDetail({ campaignId, npc, weapons, items, added, onClose }: { added: ReactNode; campaignId: string; npc: Npc; weapons: Weapon[]; items: Item[]; onClose: () => void }) {
  const patch = usePatchPoolEntry(campaignId, 'npcs');
  const remove = useDeletePoolEntry(campaignId, 'npcs');
+  const { data: locations } = useCampaignLocations(campaignId);
  const [gold, setGold] = useState(npc.exchangeGold ? String(npc.exchangeGold) : '');
  const [cash, setCash] = useState(npc.exchangeCash ? String(npc.exchangeCash) : '');
  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
@@ -263,6 +287,26 @@ function NpcDetail({ campaignId, npc, weapons, items, added, onClose }: { added:
        </div>
      )}

+      <div className="section-label mt-md">Found at</div>
+      <p className="combatant-sub" style={{ marginTop: 0 }}>
+        Where the party meets {npc.name} in a free-roam scene: whoever goes to that place can talk and trade with them there. (In a quest, they
+        are met when you add them to it.)
+      </p>
+      <select
+        aria-label={`Where ${npc.name} is found`}
+        value={npc.locationId ?? ''}
+        disabled={patch.isPending}
+        onChange={(e) => patch.mutate({ id: npc.id, locationId: e.target.value || null }, { onError })}
+        style={{ maxWidth: 320 }}
+      >
+        <option value="">Nowhere in particular</option>
+        {(locations ?? []).map((loc) => (
+          <option key={loc.id} value={loc.id}>
+            📍 {loc.name}
+          </option>
+        ))}
+      </select>
+
      <div className="section-label mt-md">Changes money</div>
      <p className="combatant-sub" style={{ marginTop: 0 }}>
        Set a rate and the party can change gold into cash, or cash into gold, with {npc.name}. Silver and copper are not
@@ -259,6 +259,7 @@ export function ItemsSection({ campaignId, entries, onOpen, formRequested, onFor
        isStartingOption: fd.get('isStartingOption') === 'on',
        effects: [],
        effectNote: null,
+        armorType: null,
      });
      close();
      onOpen({ kind: 'item', id: item.id, isNew: true });
@@ -335,7 +335,6 @@ export function ActionComposer({
  const attacks = actor && !info ? creatureAttacks(actor) : [];
  const noTarget = targetCount === 0;
  const go = (source: ActionSource) => declare.mutate({ source, actorParticipantId: actor?.id }, { onError });
-  const slotsLeft = (level: number) => info?.spellSlots?.levels.find((l) => l.level === level)?.remaining ?? 0;

  return (
    <div className="card action-composer">
@@ -362,7 +361,9 @@ export function ActionComposer({
        {info && info.weapons.length === 0 && <span className="combatant-sub">No weapon equipped: equip one on the sheet to attack with it.</span>}
        {info?.spells.map((s) => {
          const cantrip = s.level === 0;
-          const spent = !cantrip && Boolean(info.spellSlots) && slotsLeft(s.level) === 0;
+          // The slot it would take: its own level, or the lowest one above it that is left.
+          const slot = cantrip ? undefined : info.spellSlots?.levels.find((l) => l.level >= s.level && l.remaining > 0);
+          const spent = !cantrip && Boolean(info.spellSlots) && !slot;
          const how = s.attackRoll
            ? `${fmtMod(info.spellcasting?.attackBonus ?? 0)} to hit`
            : s.saveAbility
@@ -372,15 +373,22 @@ export function ActionComposer({
            <button
              key={s.characterSpellId}
              className="btn action-option"
-              disabled={noTarget || declare.isPending}
-              title={[s.description, spent ? `No ${slotLevelLabel(s.level)}-level slot left: it can still be declared, but no slot will be spent.` : null].filter(Boolean).join(' — ')}
+              disabled={noTarget || spent || declare.isPending}
+              title={[
+                s.description,
+                cantrip ? 'A cantrip: no spell slot needed.' : null,
+                spent ? `No spell slot of ${slotLevelLabel(s.level)} level or higher left: it cannot be cast until slots come back.` : null,
+                slot ? `Takes a ${slotLevelLabel(slot.level)}-level slot when it lands (${slot.remaining} left).` : null,
+              ]
+                .filter(Boolean)
+                .join(' — ')}
              onClick={() => go({ type: 'spell', characterSpellId: s.characterSpellId })}
            >
              <span className="action-option-name">
-                ✨ {s.name} {spent && <span className="badge badge-hostile">no slot</span>}
+                ✨ {s.name} <span className="badge">{spellLevelLabel(s.level)}</span> {spent && <span className="badge badge-hostile">no slot left</span>}
              </span>
              <span className="combatant-sub mono">
-                {spellLevelLabel(s.level)} · {how}
+                {cantrip ? 'no slot' : slot && slot.level > s.level ? `${slotLevelLabel(slot.level)}-level slot` : 'uses a slot'} · {how}
                {s.damageDice ? ` · ${s.damageDice}` : ''}
              </span>
            </button>
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+import { useState } from 'react';
+import { Link } from 'react-router-dom';
+import { useBuyWare, useExchangeWithNpc, useSetPlaces, useVisitPlace } from '../../api/queries';
+import { NumberInput } from '../NumberInput';
+import { WaresEditor } from '../Wares';
+import { stockLabel, wareName } from '../../lib/wares';
+import { formatMoney, formatPurse } from '../../lib/format';
+import type { CharacterSummary, Encounter, FreeRoamPlace, Item, Location, SaleOffer, Weapon } from '../../api/types';
+
+type ExchangeSide = 'GOLD' | 'CASH';
+
+// A free-roam scene: the places the DM has laid out, each with who is found
+// there and what is for sale, and who of the party is there now. A player
+// sends their own character to a place and shops where they stand; the DM
+// can send anyone, picks which of the campaign's locations are part of the
+// scene, and stocks each place's own shop here. (What an NPC sells, and where
+// they are found, is set on the NPC, on the campaign page.)
+export function FreeRoamPanel({
+  encounter,
+  isDM,
+  userId,
+  characters,
+  locations,
+  weapons,
+  items,
+  onError,
+}: {
+  encounter: Encounter;
+  isDM: boolean;
+  userId: string | undefined;
+  characters: CharacterSummary[];
+  locations: Location[]; // the campaign's, for the DM to pick places from
+  weapons: Weapon[];
+  items: Item[];
+  onError: (err: unknown) => void;
+}) {
+  const setPlaces = useSetPlaces(encounter.id);
+  const visit = useVisitPlace(encounter.id);
+  const buy = useBuyWare(encounter.id);
+  const exchange = useExchangeWithNpc(encounter.id);
+  const [roamerId, setRoamerId] = useState('');
+  const [done, setDone] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [amounts, setAmounts] = useState<Record<string, string>>({});
+  const [sides, setSides] = useState<Record<string, ExchangeSide>>({});
+
+  const places = encounter.places ?? [];
+  const open = encounter.status === 'ACTIVE';
+  // Who can be moved and can shop: a player's own characters in the scene; for the DM, anyone's.
+  const roamers = (encounter.participants ?? []).flatMap((p) => (p.character && !p.hidden && (isDM || p.character.userId === userId) ? [p.character] : []));
+  const roamer = roamers.find((c) => c.id === roamerId) ?? roamers[0];
+  const purse = characters.find((c) => c.id === roamer?.id);
+  const whereabouts = places.find((place) => place.here.some((h) => h.characterId === roamer?.id));
+  const busy = visit.isPending || buy.isPending || exchange.isPending;
+  const placeIds = places.map((p) => p.id);
+
+  function go(place: FreeRoamPlace) {
+    if (!roamer) return;
+    setDone(null);
+    visit.mutate({ characterId: roamer.id, locationId: place.id }, { onError, onSuccess: () => setDone(`${roamer.name} goes to ${place.name}.`) });
+  }
+
+  function handleBuy(ware: SaleOffer) {
+    if (!roamer) return;
+    setDone(null);
+    buy.mutate(
+      { wareId: ware.id, characterId: roamer.id },
+      { onError, onSuccess: () => setDone(`${roamer.name} bought ${(ware.weapon ?? ware.item)?.name} for ${formatMoney(ware.price, ware.currency, true)}.`) }
+    );
+  }
+
+  const wareRow = (ware: SaleOffer, atPlace: boolean) => (
+    <div key={ware.id} className="reward-row">
+      <div className="flex-between">
+        <span>
+          <strong>{wareName(ware)}</strong>
+          <span className="combatant-sub"> · {stockLabel(ware)}</span>
+        </span>
+        <button
+          className="btn"
+          disabled={!open || !roamer || !atPlace || ware.stock === 0 || busy}
+          title={!open ? 'The scene has not begun' : !atPlace ? `${roamer?.name ?? 'Your character'} has to go here first` : undefined}
+          onClick={() => handleBuy(ware)}
+        >
+          Buy · {formatMoney(ware.price, ware.currency)}
+        </button>
+      </div>
+      {ware.item?.description && <div className="combatant-sub">{ware.item.description}</div>}
+    </div>
+  );
+
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <div className="card">
+        <div className="card-title">
+          <span>🧭 Places to go</span>
+          {!open && <span className="badge">{encounter.status === 'PLANNING' ? 'Not begun yet' : 'Over'}</span>}
+        </div>
+        {roamers.length > 0 ? (
+          <div className="flex-row flex-wrap gap-sm">
+            <label className="flex-row gap-sm" style={{ flex: 1, minWidth: 180 }}>
+              {roamers.length > 1 ? 'Moving' : 'You are'}
+              <select aria-label="Which character is moving and shopping" value={roamer?.id ?? ''} onChange={(e) => setRoamerId(e.target.value)} style={{ flex: 1 }}>
+                {roamers.map((c) => (
+                  <option key={c.id} value={c.id}>
+                    {c.name}
+                  </option>
+                ))}
+              </select>
+            </label>
+            <span className="combatant-sub">📍 {whereabouts ? whereabouts.name : 'not at any of these places yet'}</span>
+            {purse && purse.gold !== null && <span className="mono">{formatPurse(purse)}</span>}
+          </div>
+        ) : (
+          <p className="combatant-sub" style={{ margin: 0 }}>
+            {isDM ? 'No characters are in this scene yet: add them from "Add to the scene".' : 'Your character has to be in the scene to go anywhere.'}
+          </p>
+        )}
+        {done && <p className="combatant-sub" style={{ marginBottom: 0 }}>✓ {done}</p>}
+        {places.length === 0 && (
+          <p className="combatant-sub" style={{ marginBottom: 0 }}>
+            {isDM ? 'No places yet. Tick the locations the party can go to, below.' : 'The DM has not opened any places yet.'}
+          </p>
+        )}
+
+        {isDM && (
+          <details className="mt-sm" open={places.length === 0}>
+            <summary className="section-label" style={{ cursor: 'pointer' }}>
+              Places in this scene ({places.length} of {locations.length} locations)
+            </summary>
+            {locations.length === 0 ? (
+              <p className="combatant-sub">
+                This campaign has no locations yet. Add some under Locations on the <Link to={`/campaigns/${encounter.campaignId}`}>campaign page</Link>.
+              </p>
+            ) : (
+              <div className="flex-row flex-wrap gap-sm mt-sm">
+                {locations.map((loc) => {
+                  const included = placeIds.includes(loc.id);
+                  return (
+                    <label key={loc.id} className="checkbox-row" title={loc.description ?? undefined}>
+                      <input
+                        type="checkbox"
+                        checked={included}
+                        disabled={setPlaces.isPending}
+                        onChange={() => setPlaces.mutate(included ? placeIds.filter((id) => id !== loc.id) : [...placeIds, loc.id], { onError })}
+                      />
+                      📍 {loc.name}
+                    </label>
+                  );
+                })}
+              </div>
+            )}
+          </details>
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      <div className="place-grid">
+        {places.map((place) => {
+          const atPlace = Boolean(roamer) && place.here.some((h) => h.characterId === roamer?.id);
+          return (
+            <div key={place.id} className={`card place-card${atPlace ? ' is-here' : ''}`}>
+              <div className="card-title">
+                <span>📍 {place.name}</span>
+                {atPlace ? (
+                  <span className="badge badge-live">{roamer?.name} is here</span>
+                ) : (
+                  <button className="btn btn-primary" disabled={!open || !roamer || busy} onClick={() => go(place)}>
+                    Go here
+                  </button>
+                )}
+              </div>
+              {place.description && <p style={{ margin: '0 0 0.4rem', whiteSpace: 'pre-wrap' }}>{place.description}</p>}
+              <div className="combatant-sub">{place.here.length > 0 ? `Here now: ${place.here.map((h) => h.name).join(', ')}` : 'Nobody from the party is here.'}</div>
+
+              {place.npcs.map((npc) => {
+                const rate = { GOLD: npc.exchangeGold ?? 0, CASH: npc.exchangeCash ?? 0 };
+                const changes = rate.GOLD > 0 && rate.CASH > 0;
+                const from = sides[npc.id] ?? 'GOLD';
+                const to = from === 'GOLD' ? 'CASH' : 'GOLD';
+                const amount = Math.floor(Number(amounts[npc.id]));
+                const whole = changes && amount > 0 && amount % rate[from] === 0;
+                return (
+                  <div key={npc.id} className="mt-sm">
+                    <div className="section-label">
+                      🧑 {npc.name}
+                      {npc.role ? `, ${npc.role}` : ''}
+                    </div>
+                    {npc.description && <p className="combatant-sub" style={{ margin: 0, whiteSpace: 'pre-wrap' }}>{npc.description}</p>}
+                    {npc.dmNotes && (
+                      <p className="combatant-sub" style={{ margin: 0 }} title="Only you can see this">
+                        🔒 {npc.dmNotes}
+                      </p>
+                    )}
+                    {(npc.wares ?? []).map((ware) => wareRow(ware, atPlace))}
+                    {changes && (
+                      <div className="reward-row">
+                        <span className="combatant-sub">
+                          💱 Changes {formatMoney(rate.GOLD, 'GOLD', true)} for {formatMoney(rate.CASH, 'CASH')}, either way.
+                        </span>
+                        <div className="flex-row flex-wrap gap-sm mt-sm">
+                          <NumberInput
+                            min={1}
+                            max={1000000}
+                            placeholder="Amount"
+                            aria-label={`How much to change with ${npc.name}`}
+                            value={amounts[npc.id] ?? ''}
+                            onChange={(e) => setAmounts((a) => ({ ...a, [npc.id]: e.target.value }))}
+                            style={{ width: 90 }}
+                          />
+                          <select aria-label={`What to hand ${npc.name}`} value={from} onChange={(e) => setSides((s) => ({ ...s, [npc.id]: e.target.value as ExchangeSide }))}>
+                            <option value="GOLD">gold into cash</option>
+                            <option value="CASH">cash into gold</option>
+                          </select>
+                          <button
+                            className="btn"
+                            disabled={!open || !roamer || !atPlace || !whole || busy}
+                            onClick={() => {
+                              if (!roamer) return;
+                              setDone(null);
+                              exchange.mutate(
+                                { characterId: roamer.id, npcId: npc.id, from, amount },
+                                {
+                                  onError,
+                                  onSuccess: ({ received, currency }) => {
+                                    setDone(`${roamer.name} changed ${formatMoney(amount, from, true)} for ${formatMoney(received, currency, true)} with ${npc.name}.`);
+                                    setAmounts((a) => ({ ...a, [npc.id]: '' }));
+                                  },
+                                }
+                              );
+                            }}
+                          >
+                            {whole ? `Get ${formatMoney((amount / rate[from]) * rate[to], to, true)}` : 'Exchange'}
+                          </button>
+                        </div>
+                      </div>
+                    )}
+                    {(npc.wares ?? []).length === 0 && !changes && <div className="combatant-sub">Nothing to sell: someone to talk to.</div>}
+                  </div>
+                );
+              })}
+
+              {place.wares.length > 0 && (
+                <div className="mt-sm">
+                  <div className="section-label">🛒 For sale here</div>
+                  {place.wares.map((ware) => wareRow(ware, atPlace))}
+                </div>
+              )}
+              {place.npcs.length === 0 && place.wares.length === 0 && !isDM && <div className="combatant-sub mt-sm">Nothing to buy here.</div>}
+
+              {isDM && (
+                <details className="mt-sm">
+                  <summary className="section-label" style={{ cursor: 'pointer' }}>
+                    Set up this place’s own shop
+                  </summary>
+                  <p className="combatant-sub" style={{ marginTop: '0.3rem' }}>
+                    Sold here whenever this place is part of a free-roam scene. To have an NPC found here, set their location on the NPC (campaign page).
+                  </p>
+                  <WaresEditor campaignId={encounter.campaignId} seller={{ locationId: place.id }} wares={place.wares} weapons={weapons} items={items} onError={onError} />
+                </details>
+              )}
+            </div>
+          );
+        })}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
@@ -978,6 +978,22 @@ input[type='radio'] {
  margin-left: 0.4rem;
 }

+/* Free roam: a card per place the party can go to. */
+.place-grid {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(300px, 1fr));
+  gap: 0.9rem;
+  margin-top: 0.9rem;
+  align-items: start;
+}
+.place-card {
+  margin: 0;
+}
+.place-card.is-here {
+  border-color: var(--accent-strong);
+  box-shadow: 0 0 14px rgba(201, 162, 39, 0.2);
+}
+
 /* What the scene is waiting on, in a sentence. */
 .cue-card {
  display: flex;
@@ -68,6 +68,17 @@ function storedEncounterSort(): EncounterSort {
 const ENCOUNTER_PLACE_KEY = 'dnd_encounter_place';
 const AFTER = 'after:';

+// Finished encounters are left off the list until asked for; the choice is remembered.
+const SHOW_COMPLETED_KEY = 'dnd_show_completed_encounters';
+
+function storedShowCompleted(): boolean {
+  try {
+    return localStorage.getItem(SHOW_COMPLETED_KEY) === '1';
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
 function storedEncounterPlace(): string {
  return localStorage.getItem(ENCOUNTER_PLACE_KEY) === 'TOP' ? 'TOP' : 'BOTTOM';
 }
@@ -80,7 +91,7 @@ function sortEncounters(encounters: Encounter[], sort: EncounterSort): Encounter
    custom: () => 0,
    name: (a, b) => a.name.localeCompare(b.name, undefined, { numeric: true, sensitivity: 'base' }),
    status: (a, b) => STATUS_RANK[a.status] - STATUS_RANK[b.status],
-    type: (a, b) => Number(a.mode === 'QUEST') - Number(b.mode === 'QUEST'),
+    type: (a, b) => MODE_RANK[a.mode] - MODE_RANK[b.mode],
    newest: (a, b) => time(b) - time(a),
    oldest: (a, b) => time(a) - time(b),
  };
@@ -135,7 +146,8 @@ function CharacterRow({ character, isDM, mine = false, onDelete }: { character:
  );
 }

-const MODE_LABELS: Record<EncounterMode, string> = { BATTLE: '⚔ Battle', QUEST: '📜 Quest' };
+const MODE_LABELS: Record<EncounterMode, string> = { BATTLE: '⚔ Battle', QUEST: '📜 Quest', FREE_ROAM: '🧭 Free roam' };
+const MODE_RANK: Record<EncounterMode, number> = { BATTLE: 0, QUEST: 1, FREE_ROAM: 2 };

 // A long note, cut down to a line for a search result.
 const snippet = (text: string) => (text.length > 110 ? `${text.slice(0, 110).trimEnd()}…` : text);
@@ -193,13 +205,16 @@ export function CampaignHomePage() {
  const [showDelete, setShowDelete] = useState(false);
  const [resting, setResting] = useState(false);
  const [levelling, setLevelling] = useState(false);
+  const [showCompleted, setShowCompleted] = useState(storedShowCompleted);
  const [deleteConfirmName, setDeleteConfirmName] = useState('');

  const liveEncounters = encounters?.filter((e) => !e.archivedAt) || [];
  // An encounter picked to go after may have been archived or deleted since.
  const encounterPlace = newEncounterPlace.startsWith(AFTER) && !liveEncounters.some((e) => AFTER + e.id === newEncounterPlace) ? 'BOTTOM' : newEncounterPlace;
  const archivedEncounters = encounters?.filter((e) => e.archivedAt) || [];
-  const shownEncounters = sortEncounters(liveEncounters, encounterSort);
+  // Complete encounters are hidden unless "Show completed" is ticked.
+  const completedCount = liveEncounters.filter((e) => e.status === 'COMPLETE').length;
+  const shownEncounters = sortEncounters(showCompleted ? liveEncounters : liveEncounters.filter((e) => e.status !== 'COMPLETE'), encounterSort);
  const encountersPage = usePagination(shownEncounters, 10);
  const archivedEncountersPage = usePagination(archivedEncounters, 10);
  const sharedNotes = notes?.filter((n) => n.visibility === 'SHARED');
@@ -243,11 +258,15 @@ export function CampaignHomePage() {
    }
  }

-  // Swaps an encounter with its neighbour in the campaign's own order.
-  function moveEncounter(index: number, step: -1 | 1) {
+  // Swaps an encounter with its neighbour on the list as shown (which may
+  // leave the completed ones out) in the campaign's own order.
+  function moveEncounter(shownIndex: number, step: -1 | 1) {
+    const neighbour = shownEncounters[shownIndex + step];
+    const moving = shownEncounters[shownIndex];
+    if (!neighbour || !moving) return;
    const ids = liveEncounters.map((e) => e.id);
-    const target = index + step;
-    if (target < 0 || target >= ids.length) return;
+    const index = ids.indexOf(moving.id);
+    const target = ids.indexOf(neighbour.id);
    [ids[index], ids[target]] = [ids[target], ids[index]];
    reorderEncounters.mutate([...ids, ...archivedEncounters.map((e) => e.id)], {
      onError: (err) => setFormError(extractErrorMessage(err)),
@@ -511,6 +530,23 @@ export function CampaignHomePage() {
        <div className="section-block">
          <div className="page-header" style={{ marginBottom: '0.75rem' }}>
            <h2 style={{ fontSize: '1.1rem', margin: 0 }}>Encounters</h2>
+            {completedCount > 0 && (
+              <label className="checkbox-row subtitle" title="Encounters that are complete are left off the list until this is ticked">
+                <input
+                  type="checkbox"
+                  checked={showCompleted}
+                  onChange={(e) => {
+                    setShowCompleted(e.target.checked);
+                    try {
+                      localStorage.setItem(SHOW_COMPLETED_KEY, e.target.checked ? '1' : '0');
+                    } catch {
+                      // Private browsing: the choice lasts as long as the page.
+                    }
+                  }}
+                />
+                Show completed ({completedCount})
+              </label>
+            )}
            {liveEncounters.length > 1 && (
              <label className="flex-row subtitle">
                Sort by
@@ -542,6 +578,7 @@ export function CampaignHomePage() {
              <select aria-label="Encounter type" value={newEncounterMode} onChange={(e) => setNewEncounterMode(e.target.value as EncounterMode)}>
                <option value="BATTLE">Battle</option>
                <option value="QUEST">NPC quest</option>
+                <option value="FREE_ROAM">Free roam</option>
              </select>
              {liveEncounters.length > 0 && (
                <select
@@ -566,7 +603,7 @@ export function CampaignHomePage() {
                </select>
              )}
              <button type="submit" className="btn btn-primary" disabled={createEncounter.isPending}>
-                {newEncounterMode === 'QUEST' ? '📜 Start Quest' : '⚔ Start Encounter'}
+                {newEncounterMode === 'QUEST' ? '📜 Start Quest' : newEncounterMode === 'FREE_ROAM' ? '🧭 Start Free Roam' : '⚔ Start Encounter'}
              </button>
            </form>
          )}
@@ -579,6 +616,9 @@ export function CampaignHomePage() {
          {encounters && liveEncounters.length === 0 && (
            <div className="empty-state">{archivedEncounters.length > 0 ? 'Every encounter is archived.' : 'No encounters yet.'}</div>
          )}
+          {liveEncounters.length > 0 && shownEncounters.length === 0 && (
+            <div className="empty-state">Every encounter here is complete. Tick “Show completed” to see them.</div>
+          )}
          {encountersPage.pageItems.map((enc) => {
            // Its place in the whole list, not on this page: that is what moving it changes.
            const index = shownEncounters.indexOf(enc);
@@ -1589,6 +1589,8 @@ function BuildPreview({
    for (const ability of all) if (!abilityList.some((a) => a.name === ability.name)) abilityList.push(ability);
  }
  const wisMod = abilityFinals.WIS !== undefined ? abilityModifier(abilityFinals.WIS) : null;
+  // Unarmored Defense, as the sheet will count it: a new character wears nothing yet.
+  const unarmoredDefense = Math.max(0, characterClass === 'BARBARIAN' ? (conMod ?? 0) : characterClass === 'MONK' ? (wisMod ?? 0) : 0);

  return (
    <div className="card">
@@ -1651,7 +1653,7 @@ function BuildPreview({
          <span className="stat-label">
            AC <InfoTip term="AC" />
          </span>
-          <div className="stat-value">{dexMod !== null ? armorClass(dexMod, armorBonus) : '—'}</div>
+          <div className="stat-value">{dexMod !== null ? armorClass(dexMod, armorBonus) + unarmoredDefense : '—'}</div>
        </div>
        <div>
          <span className="stat-label">
@@ -682,6 +682,27 @@ export function CharacterSheetPage() {
        <p className="subtitle mt-sm">📍 Currently at: <strong>{character.currentLocation.name}</strong></p>
      )}

+      {sheet.features.length > 0 && (
+        <div className="card mt-md">
+          <div className="card-title">From Class Features</div>
+          {sheet.features.map((feature) => (
+            <div key={`${feature.source}:${feature.name}:${feature.text}`} className="detail-row">
+              <span>
+                <strong>{feature.name}</strong>
+                <span className="combatant-sub" style={{ marginLeft: 6 }}>
+                  {feature.source}
+                </span>
+              </span>
+              <span className="combatant-sub">{feature.text}</span>
+            </div>
+          ))}
+          <p className="subtitle" style={{ margin: '0.4rem 0 0' }}>
+            Already counted in every number on this sheet: nothing to add by hand. What is worn decides some of them (armor and shields are
+            items marked as such); a speed set by the DM is used as it is.
+          </p>
+        </div>
+      )}
+
      {(sheet.gear.effects.length > 0 || sheet.gear.notes.length > 0) && (
        <div className="card mt-md">
          <div className="card-title">From Equipped Gear</div>
@@ -887,8 +908,15 @@ export function CharacterSheetPage() {
            <div key={cs.id} className="flex-between" style={{ padding: '0.4rem 0', borderBottom: '1px solid var(--border-soft)' }}>
              <div>
                <strong>{cs.spell.name}</strong>
-                <span style={{ color: 'var(--text-muted)', marginLeft: 6 }}>
+                <span
+                  className="badge"
+                  style={{ marginLeft: 6 }}
+                  title={cs.spell.level === 0 ? 'A cantrip: cast as often as you like, no spell slot needed.' : `Casting it takes a spell slot of level ${cs.spell.level} or higher.`}
+                >
                  {spellLevelLabel(cs.spell.level)}
+                </span>
+                <span style={{ color: 'var(--text-muted)', marginLeft: 6 }}>
+                  {cs.spell.level === 0 ? 'no slot needed' : 'uses a slot'}
                  {cs.spell.damageDice && (
                    <>
                      {' · '}
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import { useAuth } from '../auth/useAuth';
 import { RollFeed } from '../components/RollFeed';
 import { InitiativeTrack } from '../components/encounter/InitiativeTrack';
 import { ActionCard, ActionComposer, RecentActions } from '../components/encounter/ActionPanel';
+import { FreeRoamPanel } from '../components/encounter/FreeRoam';
 import { Spinner, ErrorBanner } from '../components/Spinner';
 import { NumberInput } from '../components/NumberInput';
 import { HpBar } from '../components/HpBar';
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ const areaPenalty = (targetCount: number, step: number) => Math.max(0, targetCou

 const KIND_LABELS = { CHARACTER: 'PC', MONSTER: 'Monster', NPC: 'NPC' } as const;
 const KIND_BADGES = { CHARACTER: 'badge-player', MONSTER: 'badge-hostile', NPC: 'badge-friendly' } as const;
-const MODE_LABELS: Record<EncounterMode, string> = { BATTLE: '⚔ Battle', QUEST: '📜 Quest' };
+const MODE_LABELS: Record<EncounterMode, string> = { BATTLE: '⚔ Battle', QUEST: '📜 Quest', FREE_ROAM: '🧭 Free roam' };
 const STATUS_LABELS = { PLANNING: 'Planning', ACTIVE: 'In progress', COMPLETE: 'Complete' } as const;

 function StatChip({ label, children }: { label: string; children: ReactNode }) {
@@ -755,7 +756,7 @@ function attackLines(p: EncounterParticipant): string[] {
    );
    const spells = info.spells
      .filter((s) => s.damageDice)
-      .map((s) => `${s.name}: ${s.damageDice}${info.spellcasting ? ` · ${fmtMod(info.spellcasting.attackBonus)} to hit / DC ${info.spellcasting.saveDC}` : ''}`);
+      .map((s) => `${s.name} (${spellLevelLabel(s.level)}): ${s.damageDice}${info.spellcasting ? ` · ${fmtMod(info.spellcasting.attackBonus)} to hit / DC ${info.spellcasting.saveDC}` : ''}`);
    return [...weapons, ...spells];
  }
  const stats = p.monster ?? p.npc;
@@ -1380,6 +1381,7 @@ export function EncounterPage() {
  if (error || !encounter) return <ErrorBanner message="Could not load this encounter." />;

  const isBattle = encounter.mode === 'BATTLE';
+  const isRoam = encounter.mode === 'FREE_ROAM';
  const participants = encounter.participants ?? []; // already in initiative order
  // The fallen: dead characters, and monsters and NPCs at 0 HP. Only the DM is
  // sent their cards, and they sit apart from those still in the fight.
@@ -1507,7 +1509,7 @@ export function EncounterPage() {
      <div className="page-header">
        <div>
          <h1>
-            {isBattle ? '⚔' : '📜'} {encounter.name}
+            {isBattle ? '⚔' : isRoam ? '🧭' : '📜'} {encounter.name}
          </h1>
          <div className="flex-row flex-wrap">
            <span className="badge badge-dm">{MODE_LABELS[encounter.mode]}</span>
@@ -1539,6 +1541,7 @@ export function EncounterPage() {
              >
                <option value="BATTLE">Battle</option>
                <option value="QUEST">NPC quest</option>
+                <option value="FREE_ROAM">Free roam</option>
              </select>
              <select
                aria-label="Location"
@@ -1560,7 +1563,7 @@ export function EncounterPage() {
              )}
              {encounter.status === 'PLANNING' && (
                <button className="btn btn-primary" onClick={() => patchEncounter.mutate({ status: 'ACTIVE' }, fail)}>
-                  {isBattle ? 'Begin Battle' : 'Begin Quest'}
+                  {isBattle ? 'Begin Battle' : isRoam ? 'Begin Roaming' : 'Begin Quest'}
                </button>
              )}
              {encounter.status === 'ACTIVE' && isBattle && (
@@ -1580,7 +1583,7 @@ export function EncounterPage() {
              )}
              {encounter.status === 'ACTIVE' && (
                <button className="btn btn-danger" onClick={() => patchEncounter.mutate({ status: 'COMPLETE' }, fail)}>
-                  {isBattle ? 'End Battle' : 'Complete Quest'}
+                  {isBattle ? 'End Battle' : isRoam ? 'End Free Roam' : 'Complete Quest'}
                </button>
              )}
              {encounter.status === 'COMPLETE' && (
@@ -1654,7 +1657,7 @@ export function EncounterPage() {

      {(isDM || encounter.description) && (
        <div className="card">
-          <div className="card-title">{isBattle ? 'The Scene' : 'Quest'}</div>
+          <div className="card-title">{isBattle ? 'The Scene' : isRoam ? 'Where the party is' : 'Quest'}</div>
          {isDM ? (
            <textarea
              key={`description:${encounter.description ?? ''}`}
@@ -1665,7 +1668,9 @@ export function EncounterPage() {
              placeholder={
                isBattle
                  ? 'Describe the battlefield: terrain, cover, hazards… (shown to players)'
-                  : 'What is being asked of the party, and by whom? (shown to players)'
+                  : isRoam
+                    ? 'Where the party finds itself, and what is around to visit… (shown to players)'
+                    : 'What is being asked of the party, and by whom? (shown to players)'
              }
              onBlur={(e) => {
                const description = e.target.value.trim() || null;
@@ -1678,6 +1683,19 @@ export function EncounterPage() {
        </div>
      )}

+      {isRoam && (
+        <FreeRoamPanel
+          encounter={encounter}
+          isDM={isDM}
+          userId={user?.id}
+          characters={builtCharacters}
+          locations={locations ?? []}
+          weapons={weapons ?? []}
+          items={items ?? []}
+          onError={onError}
+        />
+      )}
+
      <div className="encounter-layout mt-md">
        <div>
          {actions.map((action) => (
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 {
  "name": "dnd-campaign-manager",
-  "version": "1.27.0",
+  "version": "1.31.0",
  "lockfileVersion": 3,
  "requires": true,
  "packages": {
    "": {
      "name": "dnd-campaign-manager",
-      "version": "1.27.0",
+      "version": "1.31.0",
      "workspaces": [
        "backend",
        "frontend"
      ]
    },
    "backend": {
-      "version": "1.27.0",
+      "version": "1.31.0",
      "dependencies": {
        "@prisma/adapter-pg": "^7.10.0",
        "@prisma/client": "^7.10.0",
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
      }
    },
    "frontend": {
-      "version": "1.27.0",
+      "version": "1.31.0",
      "dependencies": {
        "@tanstack/react-query": "^5.103.2",
        "axios": "^1.20.0",
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "dnd-campaign-manager",
-  "version": "1.27.0",
+  "version": "1.31.0",
  "private": true,
  "description": "D&D 5e campaign manager — monorepo root",
  "workspaces": [
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
joshuaandClaude Opus 5.5	cbda10668b	V1.31.0: armor holds Dexterity back - All of a Dexterity modifier counts toward AC in light armor, at most +2 in medium armor, none in heavy armor, going by the equipped item's kind - The gear card says when the armor is holding something back - Library and seed armor notes and docs brought in line Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-10-12 11:24:28 +02:00
joshuaandClaude Opus 5.5	16b5ac05ca	V1.30.0: class features that change a number are worked out on the sheet - Unarmored Defense (barbarian, monk), Draconic Resilience, Fast Movement, Unarmored Movement, Aura of Protection, Diamond Soul, Slippery Mind and Jack of All Trades are counted, by level in the class that gives them - Armor and shields are items marked with what kind they are, so the sheet knows when a character is unarmored or in heavy armor; the library's and the seeds' are marked - The sheet lists the class features in force; a speed the DM set is final - A cantrip can be cast with every spell slot spent (tested end to end) Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-10-12 11:13:09 +02:00
joshuaandClaude Opus 5.5	9d0a4a2252	V1.29.0: free roam by invitation, no slot no spell, weapons change at the right moment - Free roam no longer adds the whole party: the DM adds who is there - A spell with no slot of its level or higher left cannot be declared; it takes the lowest slot left at or above its level. Cantrips take none - In a battle in progress a player changes the weapon in hand only as the battle begins or on their own turn after their attack has landed - Spells are listed cantrips first, then by level, with the level shown Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-10-12 10:05:25 +02:00
joshuaandClaude Opus 5.5	555765916f	V1.28.0: free roam, and completed encounters out of the way - Free roam: a third kind of encounter. The DM ticks the nearby locations, the whole party is in it from the start, and each player sends their own character to a place - A place shows who is found there and what is for sale; a character shops (a place's own shop, or an NPC's wares and exchange) only where they stand - Locations can have a shop of their own; an NPC can be "found at" a location - Completed encounters are hidden from the campaign's list until "Show completed" is ticked; moving an encounter works on the list as shown Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-10-12 09:30:16 +02:00