V1.4.0: silver and copper, with automatic change

- A character's purse holds gold, silver and copper as separate coins:
  1 gold = 10 silver = 100 copper. The money log records each entry's coin.
- Spending and giving are paid from the whole purse: coins of the kind
  named go first, then the nearest bigger coin is broken (change comes back
  in as few coins as possible), then smaller coins are counted out. A
  payment is refused only when the whole purse isn't worth enough.
- Exchange converts one coin into another at the fixed worth.
- Encounter rewards and gifts between characters can be in any coin; the
  party overview shows the whole purse.
- All packages at version 1.4.0.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

README.md

@@ -80,8 +80,12 @@ cd backend
 npm run seed:hollowcrown
 ```
 
-On a server, apply new migrations with `npx prisma migrate deploy`. Change
-your password from the account page (click your name in the top bar).
+On a server, after pulling a new version, run `npm run deploy` in `backend`
+and then restart the backend. It applies new migrations **and** regenerates
+the Prisma client; without the second half the server keeps running with the
+old data model and pages that use anything new fail to load (for example
+"Could not load this encounter"). Change your password from the account page
+(click your name in the top bar).
 
 ## Tests
 

backend/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "backend",
-  "version": "1.3.0",
+  "version": "1.4.0",
   "private": true,
   "type": "commonjs",
   "main": "src/index.js",
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
     "prisma:migrate": "prisma migrate dev",
     "prisma:generate": "prisma generate",
     "prisma:seed": "prisma db seed",
+    "deploy": "prisma migrate deploy && prisma generate",
     "seed:hollowcrown": "node prisma/seed-hollowcrown.js",
     "prisma:studio": "prisma studio"
   },

backend/prisma/migrations/20261007090000_silver_and_copper/migration.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+-- CreateEnum: the three coins. Silver is worth 0.1 gold, copper 0.01 gold.
+CREATE TYPE "Currency" AS ENUM ('GOLD', 'SILVER', 'COPPER');
+
+-- AlterTable: a character's purse holds each coin separately
+ALTER TABLE "characters" ADD COLUMN "silver" INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE "characters" ADD COLUMN "copper" INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+
+-- AlterTable: every ledger entry and coin reward is in one coin; all existing ones are gold
+ALTER TABLE "gold_transactions" ADD COLUMN "currency" "Currency" NOT NULL DEFAULT 'GOLD';
+ALTER TABLE "encounter_rewards" ADD COLUMN "currency" "Currency" NOT NULL DEFAULT 'GOLD';

backend/prisma/schema.prisma

@@ -118,6 +118,14 @@ enum RewardType {
   ITEM
 }
 
+// The coins a character carries. Their worth is fixed in utils/grants.js:
+// 1 gold = 10 silver = 100 copper.
+enum Currency {
+  GOLD
+  SILVER
+  COPPER
+}
+
 enum NoteVisibility {
   DM_ONLY
   SHARED
@@ -262,7 +270,11 @@ model Character {
   // The next three are composed by the builder from the player's picks
   // (game/data/characterOptions.js). After that only the DM can edit them.
   specialAbilities String? // shown in the quick-stats panel
+  // The purse: each coin is counted on its own and only changes through the
+  // money ledger (GoldTransaction).
   gold             Int     @default(0)
+  silver           Int     @default(0)
+  copper           Int     @default(0)
 
   background   String?
   appearance   String?
@@ -403,12 +415,14 @@ model InventoryItem {
   @@map("inventory_items")
 }
 
-// Ledger behind Character.gold: every change to the balance is one row here.
+// Ledger behind a character's purse: every change to a coin balance is one
+// row here. (The name predates silver and copper.)
 model GoldTransaction {
   id           String   @id @default(cuid())
   characterId  String
+  currency     Currency @default(GOLD) // which coin this entry is in
   amount       Int // signed: positive = gained, negative = spent
-  balanceAfter Int
+  balanceAfter Int // that coin's balance afterwards
   reason       String?
   createdById  String?
   createdAt    DateTime @default(now())
@@ -544,7 +558,8 @@ model EncounterReward {
   id          String     @id @default(cuid())
   encounterId String
   type        RewardType
-  gold        Int? // GOLD
+  gold        Int? // GOLD: how many coins
+  currency    Currency   @default(GOLD) // GOLD: which coin they are
   weaponId    String? // WEAPON
   itemId      String? // ITEM
   quantity    Int        @default(1)

backend/src/routes/api.integration.test.js

@@ -1896,6 +1896,15 @@ describe('initiative', () => {
     expect(playerView.Goblin.initiative).toBe(12);
     expect(playerView.Quick.character.userId).toBeTruthy();
 
+    // Only the die stops at 20: a natural 20 plus a bonus goes past it.
+    expect((await patch(goblinRow, dmAuth, { initiativeRoll: 20 })).body.participant).toMatchObject({ initiativeRoll: 20, initiative: 22 });
+
+    // Quests take initiative exactly as battles do.
+    await request(app).patch(e).set(dmAuth).send({ mode: 'QUEST' });
+    expect((await patch(heroRow, playerAuth, { initiativeRoll: 19 })).body.participant.initiative).toBe(19 + heroBonus);
+    await request(app).patch(e).set(dmAuth).send({ mode: 'BATTLE' });
+    await patch(heroRow, playerAuth, { initiativeRoll: 20 });
+
     // The DM can re-roll anyone, or clear a roll.
     expect((await patch(goblinRow, dmAuth, { initiativeRoll: 1 })).body.participant.initiative).toBe(3);
     expect((await patch(heroRow, dmAuth, { initiativeRoll: null })).body.participant).toMatchObject({ initiativeRoll: null, initiative: 0 });
@@ -1963,3 +1972,146 @@ describe('temporary hit points', () => {
     expect([now.currentHp, now.tempHp]).toEqual([0, 0]);
   });
 });
+
+describe('silver and copper', () => {
+  itIfDb('are kept as separate coins, exchanged at fixed worth, given and rewarded', async () => {
+    const { dmAuth, playerAuth, campaign } = await setupCampaign('coins');
+    const c = `/campaigns/${campaign.id}`;
+    await request(app).patch(c).set(dmAuth).send({ startingGold: 5 });
+    const heroId = await buildCharacter(campaign.id, playerAuth, 'Purse');
+    const friendId = await buildCharacter(campaign.id, dmAuth, 'Friend');
+    const ch = `/characters/${heroId}`;
+    const purse = async (id = heroId, auth = playerAuth) => {
+      const { gold, silver, copper } = (await request(app).get(`/characters/${id}`).set(auth)).body.character;
+      return [gold, silver, copper];
+    };
+    const money = (body) => request(app).post(`${ch}/gold`).set(playerAuth).send(body);
+    const exchange = (body) => request(app).post(`${ch}/gold/exchange`).set(playerAuth).send(body);
+
+    expect(await purse()).toEqual([5, 0, 0]);
+
+    // Each coin has its own balance; an amount with no coin named is gold.
+    expect((await money({ amount: 7, currency: 'SILVER', reason: 'Sold a pelt' })).status).toBe(201);
+    expect((await money({ amount: 3, currency: 'COPPER' })).body.copper).toBe(3);
+    expect((await money({ amount: 1 })).body.gold).toBe(6);
+    expect(await purse()).toEqual([6, 7, 3]);
+    expect((await money({ amount: 1, currency: 'PLATINUM' })).status).toBe(400);
+
+    // A spend the whole purse can't cover is refused and moves nothing.
+    const short = await money({ amount: -1000, currency: 'SILVER' });
+    expect(short.status).toBe(400);
+    expect(short.body.error).toMatch(/Not enough money/);
+    expect(await purse()).toEqual([6, 7, 3]);
+    expect((await request(app).patch(ch).set(dmAuth).send({ silver: 99 })).status).toBe(400);
+
+    // 1 gold = 10 silver = 100 copper.
+    expect((await exchange({ from: 'GOLD', to: 'SILVER', amount: 1 })).body.received).toBe(10);
+    expect(await purse()).toEqual([5, 17, 3]);
+    expect((await exchange({ from: 'GOLD', to: 'COPPER', amount: 1 })).body.received).toBe(100);
+    expect((await exchange({ from: 'SILVER', to: 'COPPER', amount: 1 })).body.received).toBe(10);
+    expect(await purse()).toEqual([4, 16, 113]);
+    expect((await exchange({ from: 'COPPER', to: 'SILVER', amount: 20 })).body.received).toBe(2);
+    expect((await exchange({ from: 'SILVER', to: 'GOLD', amount: 10 })).body.received).toBe(1);
+    expect((await exchange({ from: 'COPPER', to: 'SILVER', amount: 90 })).body.received).toBe(9);
+    expect(await purse()).toEqual([5, 17, 3]);
+
+    // It has to come to whole coins, be affordable, and be between two different coins.
+    const uneven = await exchange({ from: 'SILVER', to: 'GOLD', amount: 5 });
+    expect(uneven.status).toBe(400);
+    expect(uneven.body.error).toMatch(/multiples of 10/);
+    expect((await exchange({ from: 'COPPER', to: 'SILVER', amount: 1 })).status).toBe(400);
+    expect((await exchange({ from: 'COPPER', to: 'GOLD', amount: 50 })).body.error).toMatch(/multiples of 100/);
+    expect((await exchange({ from: 'SILVER', to: 'COPPER', amount: 18 })).status).toBe(400);
+    expect((await exchange({ from: 'GOLD', to: 'GOLD', amount: 1 })).status).toBe(400);
+    expect((await request(app).post(`/characters/${friendId}/gold/exchange`).set(playerAuth).send({ from: 'GOLD', to: 'SILVER', amount: 1 })).status).toBe(403);
+    expect(await purse()).toEqual([5, 17, 3]);
+
+    // The ledger says which coin every entry is in.
+    const ledger = (await request(app).get(`${ch}/gold`).set(playerAuth)).body;
+    expect([ledger.gold, ledger.silver, ledger.copper]).toEqual([5, 17, 3]);
+    expect(ledger.transactions[0]).toMatchObject({ currency: 'SILVER', amount: 9, balanceAfter: 17, reason: 'Exchanged from 90 copper' });
+    expect(ledger.transactions.find((t) => t.reason === 'Sold a pelt')).toMatchObject({ currency: 'SILVER', amount: 7, balanceAfter: 7 });
+
+    // Giving and rewards work per coin.
+    expect((await request(app).post(`${ch}/give`).set(playerAuth).send({ kind: 'gold', currency: 'SILVER', amount: 3, toCharacterId: friendId })).status).toBe(200);
+    expect((await request(app).post(`${ch}/give`).set(playerAuth).send({ kind: 'gold', currency: 'COPPER', amount: 5000, toCharacterId: friendId })).status).toBe(400);
+    expect(await purse()).toEqual([5, 14, 3]);
+    expect(await purse(friendId, dmAuth)).toEqual([5, 3, 0]);
+
+    const e = `/encounters/${(await request(app).post(`${c}/encounters`).set(dmAuth).send({ name: 'Loose change' })).body.encounter.id}`;
+    await request(app).post(`${e}/participants`).set(dmAuth).send({ characterId: heroId });
+    await request(app).post(`${e}/participants`).set(dmAuth).send({ characterId: friendId });
+    const reward = (await request(app).post(`${e}/rewards`).set(dmAuth).send({ type: 'GOLD', gold: 9, currency: 'COPPER' })).body.reward;
+    expect(reward).toMatchObject({ gold: 9, currency: 'COPPER' });
+    await request(app).post(`${e}/rewards/${reward.id}/award`).set(dmAuth).send({ split: true });
+    const split = [(await purse())[2] - 3, (await purse(friendId, dmAuth))[2]].sort();
+    expect(split).toEqual([4, 5]); // 9 copper between two
+
+    // Another player still sees none of it.
+    const outsiderView = (await request(app).get(`/characters/${friendId}`).set(playerAuth)).body.character;
+    expect([outsiderView.gold, outsiderView.silver, outsiderView.copper]).toEqual([null, null, null]);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('paying with change', () => {
+  itIfDb('a spend or a gift is paid from the whole purse: bigger coins are broken, smaller ones counted out', async () => {
+    const { dmAuth, playerAuth, campaign } = await setupCampaign('change');
+    await request(app).patch(`/campaigns/${campaign.id}`).set(dmAuth).send({ startingGold: 5 });
+    const heroId = await buildCharacter(campaign.id, playerAuth, 'Spender');
+    const friendId = await buildCharacter(campaign.id, dmAuth, 'Friend');
+    const ch = `/characters/${heroId}`;
+    const purse = async (id = heroId, auth = playerAuth) => {
+      const { gold, silver, copper } = (await request(app).get(`/characters/${id}`).set(auth)).body.character;
+      return [gold, silver, copper];
+    };
+    const money = (body) => request(app).post(`${ch}/gold`).set(playerAuth).send(body);
+    const newest = async (count) =>
+      (await request(app).get(`${ch}/gold`).set(playerAuth)).body.transactions.slice(0, count).map((t) => [t.currency, t.amount, t.balanceAfter, t.reason]);
+
+    // 3 silver from a purse of 5 gold: one gold is broken, 7 silver comes back.
+    const boots = await money({ amount: -3, currency: 'SILVER', reason: 'New boots' });
+    expect(boots.status).toBe(201);
+    expect([boots.body.gold, boots.body.silver, boots.body.copper]).toEqual([4, 7, 0]);
+    expect(await purse()).toEqual([4, 7, 0]);
+    expect((await newest(2)).sort()).toEqual([
+      ['GOLD', -1, 4, 'New boots (paid 3 silver, with change)'],
+      ['SILVER', 7, 7, 'New boots (paid 3 silver, with change)'],
+    ]);
+
+    // 5 copper: the nearest bigger coin is a silver, so that is what breaks.
+    expect((await money({ amount: -5, currency: 'COPPER' })).status).toBe(201);
+    expect(await purse()).toEqual([4, 6, 5]);
+
+    // Enough of the coin named: nothing else moves, and the entry reads as usual.
+    await money({ amount: -2, reason: 'Horse feed' });
+    expect(await purse()).toEqual([2, 6, 5]);
+    expect((await newest(1))[0]).toEqual(['GOLD', -2, 2, 'Horse feed']);
+
+    // More than the whole purse is worth (2.65 gold): refused, nothing moves.
+    const tooMuch = await money({ amount: -3 });
+    expect(tooMuch.status).toBe(400);
+    expect(tooMuch.body.error).toMatch(/Not enough money/);
+    expect(tooMuch.body.error).toMatch(/2\.65 gold/);
+    expect(await purse()).toEqual([2, 6, 5]);
+
+    // No bigger coin to break: smaller ones are counted out, biggest first.
+    await money({ amount: -2 });
+    await money({ amount: 40, currency: 'COPPER' });
+    expect(await purse()).toEqual([0, 6, 45]);
+    expect((await money({ amount: -1, reason: 'Toll' })).status).toBe(201);
+    expect(await purse()).toEqual([0, 0, 5]);
+
+    // Giving works the same way for the giver; the recipient gets the coins named.
+    await money({ amount: 1 });
+    expect((await request(app).post(`${ch}/give`).set(playerAuth).send({ kind: 'gold', currency: 'SILVER', amount: 4, toCharacterId: friendId })).status).toBe(200);
+    expect(await purse()).toEqual([0, 6, 5]);
+    expect(await purse(friendId, dmAuth)).toEqual([5, 4, 0]);
+    const beyond = await request(app).post(`${ch}/give`).set(playerAuth).send({ kind: 'gold', amount: 1, toCharacterId: friendId });
+    expect(beyond.status).toBe(400);
+    expect(beyond.body.error).toMatch(/Not enough money/);
+
+    // Exchanging is the exception: it moves exactly the coins named.
+    expect((await request(app).post(`${ch}/gold/exchange`).set(playerAuth).send({ from: 'SILVER', to: 'COPPER', amount: 7 })).status).toBe(400);
+    expect(await purse()).toEqual([0, 6, 5]);
+  });
+});

backend/src/routes/campaigns.routes.js

@@ -195,6 +195,8 @@ function characterSummary(character) {
     currentHp: character.currentHp,
     tempHp: character.tempHp,
     gold: character.gold,
+    silver: character.silver,
+    copper: character.copper,
     maxHp: character.buildStage === 'COMPLETE' ? sheet.hp.max : null,
     armorClass: character.buildStage === 'COMPLETE' ? sheet.armorClass : null,
     currentLocationId: character.currentLocationId,
@@ -219,7 +221,7 @@ router.get('/:id/characters', requireCampaignMember(), async (req, res, next) =>
       characters: summaries.map((c) => {
         if (c.userId === req.user.id) return c;
         const knowsPlace = c.currentLocationId && visited.has(c.currentLocationId);
-        return { ...c, gold: null, ...(knowsPlace ? {} : { currentLocationId: null, currentLocationName: null }) };
+        return { ...c, gold: null, silver: null, copper: null, ...(knowsPlace ? {} : { currentLocationId: null, currentLocationName: null }) };
       }),
     });
   } catch (err) {

backend/src/routes/characters.routes.js

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ const {
 } = require('../game/buildFlow');
 const characterOptions = require('../game/data/characterOptions');
 const { SKILLS } = require('../game/data/skills');
-const { InsufficientGoldError, adjustGold, giveGear } = require('../utils/grants');
+const { CURRENCIES, COIN_VALUE, COIN_COLUMN, InsufficientGoldError, adjustGold, spendCoins, worthInGold, giveGear } = require('../utils/grants');
 const { recordVisits } = require('../utils/locations');
 const { absorbDamage } = require('../utils/hp');
 
@@ -94,6 +94,8 @@ function serializeCharacter(character, isOwner, isDM = true) {
     currentLocationId: restricted ? null : character.currentLocationId,
     currentLocation: restricted ? null : character.currentLocation || null,
     gold: restricted ? null : character.gold,
+    silver: restricted ? null : character.silver,
+    copper: restricted ? null : character.copper,
     restricted,
     buildStage: character.buildStage,
     buildState: character.buildStage === 'COMPLETE' ? null : character.buildState,
@@ -170,8 +172,8 @@ function clamp(value, min, max) {
 
 router.patch('/:id', requireCharacterAccess({ write: true }), async (req, res, next) => {
   try {
-    if (req.body && req.body.gold !== undefined) {
-      return res.status(400).json({ error: 'Gold changes go through the money tracker.' });
+    if (req.body && ['gold', 'silver', 'copper'].some((coin) => req.body[coin] !== undefined)) {
+      return res.status(400).json({ error: 'Gold, silver and copper changes go through the money tracker.' });
     }
     const parsed = patchCharacterSchema.safeParse(req.body);
     if (!parsed.success) return res.status(400).json({ error: parsed.error.flatten() });
@@ -355,6 +357,8 @@ router.post('/:id/copy', requireCharacterAccess(), async (req, res, next) => {
           speedOverride: source.speedOverride,
           specialAbilities: source.specialAbilities,
           gold: source.gold,
+          silver: source.silver,
+          copper: source.copper,
           background: source.background,
           appearance: source.appearance,
           // Same privacy boundary as serializeCharacter: a DM copying a
@@ -370,10 +374,13 @@ router.post('/:id/copy', requireCharacterAccess(), async (req, res, next) => {
           },
           inventoryItems: { create: [...items.values()] },
           goldTransactions: {
-            create:
-              source.gold > 0
-                ? [{ amount: source.gold, balanceAfter: source.gold, reason: 'Carried over from another campaign', createdById: req.user.id }]
-                : [],
+            create: CURRENCIES.filter((currency) => source[COIN_COLUMN[currency]] > 0).map((currency) => ({
+              currency,
+              amount: source[COIN_COLUMN[currency]],
+              balanceAfter: source[COIN_COLUMN[currency]],
+              reason: 'Carried over from another campaign',
+              createdById: req.user.id,
+            })),
           },
           weapons: { create: [...weapons.values()] },
           spells: { create: [...spells.values()] },
@@ -857,6 +864,18 @@ router.get('/:id/quick-stats', requireCharacterAccess(), async (req, res, next)
 
 const GOLD_TRANSACTION_INCLUDE = { createdBy: { select: { displayName: true } } };
 
+// Which coin an amount is in; gold when none is given.
+const currencySchema = z.enum(CURRENCIES).default('GOLD');
+
+function coinName(currency) {
+  return currency.toLowerCase();
+}
+
+// For a payment the whole purse can't cover.
+function notEnoughMoney(character, amount, currency) {
+  return `Not enough money — ${character.name} has ${character.gold} gold, ${character.silver} silver and ${character.copper} copper (worth ${worthInGold(character)} gold), which doesn't cover ${amount} ${coinName(currency)}.`;
+}
+
 router.get('/:id/gold', requireCharacterAccess(), async (req, res, next) => {
   try {
     if (!req.isDM && !req.isOwner) return res.status(403).json({ error: "Only the character's player and the DM can see its money" });
@@ -865,7 +884,7 @@ router.get('/:id/gold', requireCharacterAccess(), async (req, res, next) => {
       include: GOLD_TRANSACTION_INCLUDE,
       orderBy: [{ createdAt: 'desc' }, { id: 'desc' }],
     });
-    res.json({ gold: req.character.gold, transactions });
+    res.json({ gold: req.character.gold, silver: req.character.silver, copper: req.character.copper, transactions });
   } catch (err) {
     next(err);
   }
@@ -873,30 +892,74 @@ router.get('/:id/gold', requireCharacterAccess(), async (req, res, next) => {
 
 // amount is signed: positive = gained, negative = spent. The owning player
 // and the DM can both record entries; each one is stamped with who made it.
+// A spend is paid from the whole purse: if there aren't enough of the coin
+// named, bigger coins are broken (or smaller ones counted out) to cover it.
 router.post('/:id/gold', requireCharacterAccess({ write: true }), async (req, res, next) => {
   try {
     const parsed = z
       .object({
         amount: z.number().int().min(-1000000).max(1000000).refine((n) => n !== 0, 'Amount cannot be zero'),
+        currency: currencySchema,
         reason: z.string().trim().max(200).optional().nullable(),
       })
       .safeParse(req.body);
     if (!parsed.success) return res.status(400).json({ error: parsed.error.flatten() });
-    const { amount, reason } = parsed.data;
+    const { amount, currency, reason } = parsed.data;
 
-    let transaction;
+    let transactions;
     try {
       // Throwing inside the transaction rolls the balance change back.
-      transaction = await prisma.$transaction((tx) =>
-        adjustGold(tx, { characterId: req.character.id, amount, reason, userId: req.user.id, include: GOLD_TRANSACTION_INCLUDE })
-      );
+      transactions = await prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
+        const entry = { characterId: req.character.id, currency, reason, userId: req.user.id, include: GOLD_TRANSACTION_INCLUDE };
+        return amount > 0 ? [await adjustGold(tx, { ...entry, amount })] : spendCoins(tx, { ...entry, amount: -amount });
+      });
     } catch (err) {
       if (!(err instanceof InsufficientGoldError)) throw err;
-      return res.status(400).json({ error: `Not enough gold — the balance is ${req.character.gold}.` });
+      return res.status(400).json({ error: notEnoughMoney(req.character, -amount, currency) });
     }
 
     emitCharacterUpdated(req);
-    res.status(201).json({ gold: transaction.balanceAfter, transaction });
+    const purse = await prisma.character.findUnique({ where: { id: req.character.id }, select: { gold: true, silver: true, copper: true } });
+    res.status(201).json({ ...purse, transaction: transactions[0], transactions });
+  } catch (err) {
+    next(err);
+  }
+});
+
+// Changes coins of one kind into another at their fixed worth (1 gold = 10
+// silver = 100 copper). `amount` is how many `from` coins to hand over; it has
+// to come to a whole number of `to` coins. Both sides go on the ledger. Unlike
+// a spend, this moves exactly the coins named: no change is made.
+router.post('/:id/gold/exchange', requireCharacterAccess({ write: true }), async (req, res, next) => {
+  try {
+    const parsed = z
+      .object({ from: z.enum(CURRENCIES), to: z.enum(CURRENCIES), amount: z.number().int().min(1).max(1000000) })
+      .refine((data) => data.from !== data.to, { message: 'Pick two different coins' })
+      .safeParse(req.body);
+    if (!parsed.success) return res.status(400).json({ error: parsed.error.flatten() });
+    const { from, to, amount } = parsed.data;
+
+    const worth = amount * COIN_VALUE[from];
+    if (worth % COIN_VALUE[to] !== 0) {
+      const step = COIN_VALUE[to] / COIN_VALUE[from];
+      return res.status(400).json({ error: `${amount} ${coinName(from)} doesn't make a whole number of ${coinName(to)} — exchange in multiples of ${step}.` });
+    }
+    const received = worth / COIN_VALUE[to];
+
+    try {
+      await prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
+        const base = { characterId: req.character.id, userId: req.user.id };
+        await adjustGold(tx, { ...base, currency: from, amount: -amount, reason: `Exchanged for ${received} ${coinName(to)}` });
+        await adjustGold(tx, { ...base, currency: to, amount: received, reason: `Exchanged from ${amount} ${coinName(from)}` });
+      });
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (!(err instanceof InsufficientGoldError)) throw err;
+      return res.status(400).json({ error: `Not enough ${coinName(from)} — the balance is ${req.character[COIN_COLUMN[from]]}.` });
+    }
+
+    emitCharacterUpdated(req);
+    const character = await loadFullCharacter(req.character.id);
+    res.status(201).json({ character: serializeCharacter(character, req.isOwner, req.isDM), received });
   } catch (err) {
     next(err);
   }
@@ -1040,7 +1103,7 @@ for (const gear of GEAR) {
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 const giveSchema = z.discriminatedUnion('kind', [
-  z.object({ kind: z.literal('gold'), toCharacterId: z.string(), amount: z.number().int().min(1) }),
+  z.object({ kind: z.literal('gold'), toCharacterId: z.string(), amount: z.number().int().min(1), currency: z.enum(CURRENCIES).default('GOLD') }),
   z.object({ kind: z.literal('weapon'), toCharacterId: z.string(), id: z.string(), quantity: z.number().int().min(1).default(1) }),
   z.object({ kind: z.literal('item'), toCharacterId: z.string(), id: z.string(), quantity: z.number().int().min(1).default(1) }),
   z.object({ kind: z.literal('spell'), toCharacterId: z.string(), id: z.string() }),
@@ -1067,8 +1130,10 @@ router.post('/:id/give', requireCharacterAccess({ write: true }), async (req, re
     try {
       await prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
         if (give.kind === 'gold') {
-          await adjustGold(tx, { characterId: giver.id, amount: -give.amount, reason: `Gave to ${recipient.name}`, userId: req.user.id });
-          await adjustGold(tx, { characterId: recipient.id, amount: give.amount, reason: `Received from ${giver.name}`, userId: req.user.id });
+          // The giver pays from their whole purse, with change; the recipient gets the coins named.
+          const coins = { amount: give.amount, currency: give.currency, userId: req.user.id };
+          await spendCoins(tx, { ...coins, characterId: giver.id, reason: `Gave to ${recipient.name}` });
+          await adjustGold(tx, { ...coins, characterId: recipient.id, reason: `Received from ${giver.name}` });
           return;
         }
 
@@ -1102,7 +1167,7 @@ router.post('/:id/give', requireCharacterAccess({ write: true }), async (req, re
       });
     } catch (err) {
       if (err instanceof InsufficientGoldError) {
-        return res.status(400).json({ error: `Not enough gold — ${giver.name} has ${giver.gold}.` });
+        return res.status(400).json({ error: notEnoughMoney(giver, give.amount, give.currency || 'GOLD') });
       }
       if (err instanceof GiveError) return res.status(400).json({ error: err.message });
       throw err;

backend/src/routes/encounters.routes.js

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ const prisma = require('../db');
 const { requireAuth } = require('../middleware/auth');
 const { loadCampaignMembership } = require('../middleware/campaignAccess');
 const { computeCharacterSheet, computeWeaponStats, canUseGear, abilityModifier, MAX_GEAR_LEVEL } = require('../game/calculations');
-const { adjustGold, giveGear } = require('../utils/grants');
+const { CURRENCIES, adjustGold, giveGear } = require('../utils/grants');
 const { moveCharacters, visitedLocationIds } = require('../utils/locations');
 const { absorbDamage } = require('../utils/hp');
 
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ router.post('/:id/advance-round', requireEncounterAccess, requireDM, async (req,
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 const rewardSchema = z.discriminatedUnion('type', [
-  z.object({ type: z.literal('GOLD'), gold: z.number().int().min(1).max(1000000), note: z.string().trim().max(200).optional().nullable() }),
+  z.object({ type: z.literal('GOLD'), gold: z.number().int().min(1).max(1000000), currency: z.enum(CURRENCIES).default('GOLD'), note: z.string().trim().max(200).optional().nullable() }),
   z.object({
     type: z.literal('WEAPON'),
     weaponId: z.string(),
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ router.post('/:id/rewards/:rewardId/award', requireEncounterAccess, requireDM, a
 
     let recipients;
     if (parsed.data.split) {
-      if (reward.type !== 'GOLD') return res.status(400).json({ error: 'Only gold can be split.' });
+      if (reward.type !== 'GOLD') return res.status(400).json({ error: 'Only coins can be split.' });
       const participants = await prisma.encounterParticipant.findMany({
         where: { encounterId: req.encounter.id, characterId: { not: null } },
         include: { character: true },
@@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ router.post('/:id/rewards/:rewardId/award', requireEncounterAccess, requireDM, a
         const remainder = reward.gold % recipients.length;
         for (const [i, character] of recipients.entries()) {
           const amount = share + (i < remainder ? 1 : 0);
-          if (amount > 0) await adjustGold(tx, { characterId: character.id, amount, reason, userId: req.user.id });
+          if (amount > 0) await adjustGold(tx, { characterId: character.id, amount, currency: reward.currency, reason, userId: req.user.id });
         }
       } else {
         const kind = reward.type === 'WEAPON' ? 'weapon' : 'item';

backend/src/utils/grants.js

@@ -1,24 +1,114 @@
-// The two ways a character's belongings change: gold through the ledger, and
+// The two ways a character's belongings change: coins through the ledger, and
 // gear from the campaign pools. Shared by the character sheet routes and by
 // encounter rewards so both follow the same rules. Every function takes a
 // Prisma client or transaction client as `db`.
 
+// The coins, and what each is worth counted in copper: silver is 0.1 gold and
+// copper is 0.01 gold, so 1 gold = 10 silver = 100 copper and 1 silver = 10
+// copper. Whole numbers keep exchanges exact.
+const CURRENCIES = ['GOLD', 'SILVER', 'COPPER'];
+const COIN_VALUE = { GOLD: 100, SILVER: 10, COPPER: 1 };
+// Each coin is its own column on the character.
+const COIN_COLUMN = { GOLD: 'gold', SILVER: 'silver', COPPER: 'copper' };
+
 class InsufficientGoldError extends Error {}
 
-// amount is signed: positive = gained, negative = spent. Writes the ledger row
-// and returns it; throws InsufficientGoldError if the balance would go below 0
-// (inside a transaction, that rolls the whole thing back).
-async function adjustGold(db, { characterId, amount, reason, userId, include }) {
+// amount is signed: positive = gained, negative = spent, in `currency` coins.
+// Writes the ledger row and returns it; throws InsufficientGoldError if that
+// coin's balance would go below 0 (inside a transaction, that rolls the whole
+// thing back). This moves exactly the coins named and nothing else; to pay a
+// price out of whatever coins the purse holds, use spendCoins.
+async function adjustGold(db, { characterId, amount, currency = 'GOLD', reason, userId, include }) {
+  const column = COIN_COLUMN[currency];
   // The atomic increment is the balance check: two spends racing each other
   // can't both pass a stale read.
-  const updated = await db.character.update({ where: { id: characterId }, data: { gold: { increment: amount } } });
-  if (updated.gold < 0) throw new InsufficientGoldError();
+  const updated = await db.character.update({ where: { id: characterId }, data: { [column]: { increment: amount } } });
+  if (updated[column] < 0) throw new InsufficientGoldError();
   return db.goldTransaction.create({
-    data: { characterId, amount, balanceAfter: updated.gold, reason: reason || null, createdById: userId },
+    data: { characterId, currency, amount, balanceAfter: updated[column], reason: reason || null, createdById: userId },
     include,
   });
 }
 
+// Works out which coins leave (and come back as change) when a purse pays
+// `amount` coins of `currency`. Returns the change to each balance, e.g.
+// { GOLD: -1, SILVER: 7, COPPER: 0 } for 3 silver paid from a purse with only
+// gold in it — or null if the whole purse isn't worth that much.
+//   1. Coins of the kind asked for go first.
+//   2. Any shortfall is met by breaking the nearest bigger coin; the change
+//      comes back in as few coins as possible.
+//   3. Only if there are no bigger coins left are smaller ones counted out.
+function planPayment(purse, currency, amount) {
+  const worth = (coin) => COIN_VALUE[coin];
+  const delta = { GOLD: 0, SILVER: 0, COPPER: 0 };
+  const left = (coin) => purse[coin] + delta[coin];
+  let owed = amount * worth(currency);
+  if (CURRENCIES.reduce((sum, coin) => sum + purse[coin] * worth(coin), 0) < owed) return null;
+
+  const pay = (coin, count) => {
+    delta[coin] -= count;
+    owed -= count * worth(coin);
+  };
+  pay(currency, Math.min(purse[currency], amount));
+
+  const bigger = CURRENCIES.filter((coin) => worth(coin) > worth(currency)).reverse(); // nearest first
+  for (const coin of bigger) {
+    if (owed <= 0) break;
+    pay(coin, Math.min(left(coin), Math.ceil(owed / worth(coin))));
+    // Overpaid: hand the difference back, biggest coins first.
+    let change = -owed;
+    for (const small of CURRENCIES.filter((c) => worth(c) < worth(coin))) {
+      if (change <= 0) break;
+      const count = Math.floor(change / worth(small));
+      delta[small] += count;
+      change -= count * worth(small);
+    }
+    if (owed < 0) owed = 0;
+  }
+
+  for (const coin of CURRENCIES.filter((c) => worth(c) < worth(currency))) {
+    if (owed <= 0) break;
+    pay(coin, Math.min(left(coin), Math.floor(owed / worth(coin))));
+  }
+  return delta;
+}
+
+// Pays `amount` coins of `currency` out of a character's purse, making change
+// as needed (see planPayment). Every coin that moved gets its own ledger row;
+// the rows are returned, the one in `currency` first when there is one. Throws
+// InsufficientGoldError if the purse as a whole can't cover it.
+async function spendCoins(db, { characterId, amount, currency = 'GOLD', reason, userId, include }) {
+  const character = await db.character.findUnique({ where: { id: characterId }, select: { gold: true, silver: true, copper: true } });
+  const purse = { GOLD: character.gold, SILVER: character.silver, COPPER: character.copper };
+  const delta = planPayment(purse, currency, amount);
+  if (!delta) throw new InsufficientGoldError();
+
+  const moved = CURRENCIES.filter((coin) => delta[coin] !== 0).sort((a, b) => (b === currency) - (a === currency));
+  const madeChange = moved.some((coin) => coin !== currency);
+  const label = reason || 'Spent';
+  const rows = [];
+  for (const coin of moved) {
+    rows.push(
+      await adjustGold(db, {
+        characterId,
+        amount: delta[coin],
+        currency: coin,
+        // Says what the payment was when the coins that moved aren't the ones asked for.
+        reason: madeChange ? `${label} (paid ${amount} ${currency.toLowerCase()}, with change)` : reason,
+        userId,
+        include,
+      })
+    );
+  }
+  return rows;
+}
+
+// A purse's whole worth as one figure in gold, for messages: 265 copper-worth -> 2.65.
+function worthInGold(character) {
+  const copper = CURRENCIES.reduce((sum, coin) => sum + character[COIN_COLUMN[coin]] * COIN_VALUE[coin], 0);
+  return copper / COIN_VALUE.GOLD;
+}
+
 const HELD = {
   weapon: { model: 'characterWeapon', key: 'weaponId' },
   item: { model: 'inventoryItem', key: 'itemId' },
@@ -37,4 +127,4 @@ async function giveGear(db, kind, { characterId, entry, quantity = 1, level, equ
   });
 }
 
-module.exports = { InsufficientGoldError, adjustGold, giveGear };
+module.exports = { CURRENCIES, COIN_VALUE, COIN_COLUMN, InsufficientGoldError, adjustGold, planPayment, spendCoins, worthInGold, giveGear };

docs/CHARACTERS.md

@@ -509,17 +509,35 @@ character already has adds to the stack. Items have no effect on any stat. An
 item can carry optional dice (a potion's healing, a bomb's damage) that grow
 with its level exactly like a weapon's (section 10).
 
-**Money** is a single gold balance with a log behind it.
+**Money** is a purse of three coins, each counted on its own, with a log
+behind it.
 
-- The sheet's Money card shows the balance and every change to it: the amount,
-  what it was for, who recorded it, when, and the balance afterwards.
-- The **owning player and the DM** can both record a gain or a spend. Other
-  members can see the log but not add to it.
-- The balance **cannot go below zero**; a spend larger than the balance is
-  refused.
-- The log is the only way the balance changes. Entries cannot be edited or
+| Coin | Worth |
+|---|---|
+| Gold (gp) | 1 gold |
+| Silver (sp) | 0.1 gold — 10 to the gold |
+| Copper (cp) | 0.01 gold — 100 to the gold, 10 to the silver |
+
+- The sheet's Money card shows the three balances, what the purse is worth in
+  gold altogether, and every change: the amount and coin, what it was for, who
+  recorded it, when, and that coin's balance afterwards.
+- The **owning player and the DM** can both record a gain or a spend, choosing
+  the coin. Other players cannot see the purse or the log.
+- **Spending makes change for you.** A spend (or a gift to another character)
+  is paid from the whole purse. Coins of the kind named go first; if there
+  aren't enough, the nearest bigger coin is broken and the change comes back
+  in as few coins as possible; if there are no bigger coins, smaller ones are
+  counted out. Spending 3 silver from a purse of 5 gold leaves 4 gold and 7
+  silver. Each coin that moved gets its own log entry, marked "with change".
+- A spend is refused only when the **whole purse** isn't worth enough.
+- **Exchange** turns coins of one kind into another at the worth above, and
+  logs both sides. It moves exactly the coins named and has to come to whole
+  coins: silver into gold goes in tens, copper into silver in tens, copper
+  into gold in hundreds.
+- The log is the only way a balance changes. Entries cannot be edited or
   deleted; to correct a mistake, record the opposite entry.
-- There is one currency (gold). Silver, copper and so on are not tracked.
+- Starting gold (a campaign setting) is gold only. Encounter rewards and gifts
+  between characters can be in any coin.
 
 ### Giving to another character
 

docs/ENCOUNTERS.md

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ time from the top of the page.
 | For | A fight | A scene built around people and an objective |
 | Layout | Everyone in one list, in initiative order | Three groups: "People you meet", "The party", "Creatures" |
 | Rounds and turns | Yes | No |
-| Initiative | The d20 roll, typed in per combatant; the bonus is added | Not shown |
+| Initiative | The d20 roll, typed in per combatant; the bonus is added | The same; each group lists highest first |
 | Start button | Begin Battle | Begin Quest |
 | End button | End Battle | Complete Quest |
 
@@ -156,11 +156,13 @@ The DM types an amount and clicks Damage or Heal on a card.
 
 ## 7. Initiative, turns and rounds
 
-Battles only.
+Initiative is entered in battles and quests alike. Turns and rounds are for
+battles only.
 
 - Each combatant has an **initiative roll** field. Type what the d20 showed,
   1 to 20; the field accepts nothing else. The app does not roll the die, but
-  it adds the bonus for you and shows the total: a character's initiative
+  it adds the bonus for you and shows the total, which can go past 20 (a 20 on
+  the die with a +3 bonus is 23): a character's initiative
   bonus from their sheet, a monster's Dexterity modifier, nothing for an NPC.
 - The DM can enter the roll for anyone, when adding them or on the card. A
   player can enter the roll for **their own character** on its card.

frontend/package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "frontend",
   "private": true,
-  "version": "1.3.0",
+  "version": "1.4.0",
   "type": "module",
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "vite",

frontend/src/api/queries.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import type {
   CampaignMemberSummary,
   CharacterDetail,
   CharacterSummary,
+  Currency,
   DiceMode,
   Encounter,
   EncounterMode,
@@ -172,7 +173,7 @@ export function useDeleteCharacter(campaignId: string) {
 
 // What one character can hand to another. Whatever is given leaves the giver.
 export type Gift =
-  | { kind: 'gold'; amount: number }
+  | { kind: 'gold'; amount: number; currency?: Currency }
   | { kind: 'weapon' | 'item'; id: string; quantity: number }
   | { kind: 'spell'; id: string };
 
@@ -211,6 +212,16 @@ export function useQuickStats(characterId: string | undefined, enabled: boolean)
   });
 }
 
+// Changes `amount` coins of one kind into another at their fixed worth.
+export function useExchangeCoins(characterId: string) {
+  const qc = useQueryClient();
+  return useMutation({
+    mutationFn: async (data: { from: Currency; to: Currency; amount: number }) =>
+      (await apiClient.post<{ character: CharacterDetail; received: number }>(`/characters/${characterId}/gold/exchange`, data)).data,
+    onSuccess: () => invalidateCharacter(qc, characterId),
+  });
+}
+
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Character build flow
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -388,8 +399,8 @@ export function useGoldLedger(characterId: string | undefined, enabled = true) {
 export function useAdjustGold(characterId: string) {
   const qc = useQueryClient();
   return useMutation({
-    mutationFn: async (data: { amount: number; reason?: string }) =>
-      (await apiClient.post<{ gold: number; transaction: GoldTransaction }>(`/characters/${characterId}/gold`, data)).data,
+    mutationFn: async (data: { amount: number; currency?: Currency; reason?: string }) =>
+      (await apiClient.post<{ transaction: GoldTransaction }>(`/characters/${characterId}/gold`, data)).data,
     onSuccess: () => invalidateCharacter(qc, characterId), // prefix match also refreshes the ledger
   });
 }
@@ -730,7 +741,7 @@ export function useNextTurn(encounterId: string) {
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 export type NewReward =
-  | { type: 'GOLD'; gold: number; note?: string }
+  | { type: 'GOLD'; gold: number; currency?: Currency; note?: string }
   | { type: 'WEAPON'; weaponId: string; quantity?: number; level?: number; note?: string }
   | { type: 'ITEM'; itemId: string; quantity?: number; level?: number; note?: string };
 

frontend/src/api/types.ts

@@ -105,6 +105,9 @@ export interface CampaignMemberSummary {
   role: 'DM' | 'PLAYER';
 }
 
+// The coins a character carries. 1 gold = 10 silver = 100 copper.
+export type Currency = 'GOLD' | 'SILVER' | 'COPPER';
+
 export interface CharacterSummary {
   id: string;
   campaignId: string;
@@ -118,7 +121,10 @@ export interface CharacterSummary {
   buildStage: BuildStage;
   currentHp: number;
   tempHp: number;
-  gold: number | null; // null for another player's character
+  // The purse; all three are null for another player's character.
+  gold: number | null;
+  silver: number | null;
+  copper: number | null;
   maxHp: number | null;
   armorClass: number | null;
   currentLocationId: string | null;
@@ -233,8 +239,9 @@ export interface InventoryItem {
 export interface GoldTransaction {
   id: string;
   characterId: string;
+  currency: Currency; // which coin this entry is in
   amount: number; // signed: positive = gained, negative = spent
-  balanceAfter: number;
+  balanceAfter: number; // that coin's balance afterwards
   reason: string | null;
   createdAt: string;
   createdBy: { displayName: string } | null;
@@ -278,6 +285,8 @@ export interface CharacterDetail {
   currentLocationId: string | null;
   currentLocation: Location | null;
   gold: number | null;
+  silver: number | null;
+  copper: number | null;
   // True when this is another player's character: no gold, inventory or
   // location is sent, only what the party can see across the table.
   restricted: boolean;
@@ -337,7 +346,8 @@ export interface EncounterReward {
   id: string;
   encounterId: string;
   type: 'GOLD' | 'WEAPON' | 'ITEM';
-  gold: number | null;
+  gold: number | null; // for a GOLD reward: how many coins...
+  currency: Currency; // ...and which coin
   weaponId: string | null;
   itemId: string | null;
   quantity: number;

frontend/src/components/InfoTip.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import { useId, useState } from 'react';
+import { useEffect, useId, useRef, useState, type CSSProperties } from 'react';
+import { createPortal } from 'react-dom';
 
 // Short explanations for the stat labels sprinkled across the sheet, quick
 // stats, party table, and builder — "what is this, and how is it worked
@@ -38,8 +39,36 @@ export const STAT_HELP: Record<string, string> = {
 // (a species, a skill, an ability) without adding it to the shared list.
 export function InfoTip({ term, text: custom, label = 'What is this?' }: { term?: keyof typeof STAT_HELP; text?: string; label?: string }) {
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [place, setPlace] = useState<CSSProperties | null>(null);
+  const trigger = useRef<HTMLButtonElement>(null);
   const id = useId();
   const text = custom ?? (term ? STAT_HELP[term] : undefined);
+
+  // The bubble is drawn on the page itself, fixed to where the ⓘ is on
+  // screen, rather than inside whatever holds the ⓘ: a scrolling table or a
+  // drawer would otherwise cut it off. It sits above the ⓘ when there is room
+  // and below when there isn't, and never runs off the sides.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!open || !trigger.current) return;
+    const rect = trigger.current.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const halfWidth = Math.min(130, window.innerWidth / 2 - 8);
+    const centre = Math.min(Math.max(rect.left + rect.width / 2, halfWidth + 8), window.innerWidth - halfWidth - 8);
+    const above = rect.top > 160;
+    setPlace({
+      left: centre,
+      ...(above ? { bottom: window.innerHeight - rect.top + 8 } : { top: rect.bottom + 8 }),
+    });
+    // Its position is only right until the page moves.
+    const close = () => setOpen(false);
+    window.addEventListener('scroll', close, true);
+    window.addEventListener('resize', close);
+    return () => {
+      window.removeEventListener('scroll', close, true);
+      window.removeEventListener('resize', close);
+      setPlace(null); // so the next opening is measured afresh, not shown where the last one was
+    };
+  }, [open]);
+
   if (!text) return null;
 
   return (
@@ -49,6 +78,7 @@ export function InfoTip({ term, text: custom, label = 'What is this?' }: { term?
         className="info-tip-trigger"
         aria-describedby={id}
         aria-label={label}
+        ref={trigger}
         onMouseEnter={() => setOpen(true)}
         onFocus={() => setOpen(true)}
         onBlur={() => setOpen(false)}
@@ -56,11 +86,14 @@ export function InfoTip({ term, text: custom, label = 'What is this?' }: { term?
       >
         ⓘ
       </button>
-      {open && (
-        <span role="tooltip" id={id} className="info-tip-bubble">
-          {text}
-        </span>
-      )}
+      {open &&
+        place &&
+        createPortal(
+          <span role="tooltip" id={id} className="info-tip-bubble" style={place}>
+            {text}
+          </span>,
+          document.body,
+        )}
     </span>
   );
 }

frontend/src/index.css

@@ -631,10 +631,9 @@ input[type='radio'] {
   color: var(--accent-strong);
   outline: none;
 }
+/* Placed by InfoTip.tsx against the viewport, so no scrolling container can clip it. */
 .info-tip-bubble {
-  position: absolute;
-  bottom: calc(100% + 8px);
-  left: 50%;
+  position: fixed;
   transform: translateX(-50%);
   width: max-content;
   max-width: 260px;
@@ -648,7 +647,7 @@ input[type='radio'] {
   letter-spacing: normal;
   color: var(--text);
   box-shadow: var(--shadow-deep);
-  z-index: 100;
+  z-index: 200;
   pointer-events: none;
 }
 

frontend/src/lib/format.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import type { Currency } from '../api/types';
+
 export const SPECIES_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
   HUMAN: 'Human',
   HALF_ELF: 'Half-Elf',
@@ -70,6 +72,29 @@ export function hpBarClass(current: number, max: number): string {
   return 'hp-bar-fill';
 }
 
+// Coins. Silver is worth 0.1 gold and copper 0.01 gold.
+export const CURRENCIES: Currency[] = ['GOLD', 'SILVER', 'COPPER'];
+export const COIN_LABELS: Record<Currency, string> = { GOLD: 'Gold', SILVER: 'Silver', COPPER: 'Copper' };
+export const COIN_SHORT: Record<Currency, string> = { GOLD: 'gp', SILVER: 'sp', COPPER: 'cp' };
+export const COIN_FIELD: Record<Currency, 'gold' | 'silver' | 'copper'> = { GOLD: 'gold', SILVER: 'silver', COPPER: 'copper' };
+// What one coin is worth, counted in copper.
+export const COIN_VALUE: Record<Currency, number> = { GOLD: 100, SILVER: 10, COPPER: 1 };
+
+type Purse = { gold: number | null; silver: number | null; copper: number | null };
+
+// "12 gp · 5 sp · 3 cp". Gold always shows; silver and copper only when held.
+export function formatPurse(purse: Purse): string {
+  return CURRENCIES.filter((c) => c === 'GOLD' || (purse[COIN_FIELD[c]] ?? 0) > 0)
+    .map((c) => `${purse[COIN_FIELD[c]] ?? 0} ${COIN_SHORT[c]}`)
+    .join(' · ');
+}
+
+// The whole purse as one figure in gold, e.g. 12.65.
+export function purseWorthInGold(purse: Purse): number {
+  const copper = CURRENCIES.reduce((sum, c) => sum + (purse[COIN_FIELD[c]] ?? 0) * COIN_VALUE[c], 0);
+  return copper / COIN_VALUE.GOLD;
+}
+
 export function extractErrorMessage(err: unknown): string {
   const anyErr = err as { response?: { data?: { error?: unknown } } };
   const apiError = anyErr?.response?.data?.error;

frontend/src/pages/CharacterSheetPage.tsx

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {
   useRemoveCharacterSpell,
   useGoldLedger,
   useAdjustGold,
+  useExchangeCoins,
   useCampaignCharacters,
   useGive,
   type Gift,
@@ -35,11 +36,26 @@ import { HpBar } from '../components/HpBar';
 import { QuickStatsFab } from '../components/QuickStatsDrawer';
 import { InfoTip } from '../components/InfoTip';
 import { usePagination, Pagination } from '../components/Paginated';
-import { ABILITY_LABELS, CLASS_LABELS, SKILL_LABELS, SPECIES_LABELS, fmtMod, extractErrorMessage, spellLevelLabel } from '../lib/format';
+import {
+  ABILITY_LABELS,
+  CLASS_LABELS,
+  COIN_FIELD,
+  COIN_LABELS,
+  COIN_SHORT,
+  COIN_VALUE,
+  CURRENCIES,
+  SKILL_LABELS,
+  SPECIES_LABELS,
+  fmtMod,
+  extractErrorMessage,
+  formatPurse,
+  purseWorthInGold,
+  spellLevelLabel,
+} from '../lib/format';
 import { speciesIcon } from '../lib/speciesIcons';
 import { hpMax as previewHpMax, scaledDamageDice, MAX_GEAR_LEVEL } from '../lib/previewCalc';
 import { CLASS_HIT_DIE } from '../lib/classData';
-import type { Ability, CharacterDetail } from '../api/types';
+import type { Ability, CharacterDetail, Currency } from '../api/types';
 
 // The DM's level picker for one held weapon or item, from the level the gear
 // starts at up to the maximum. Each option shows what the dice become at that
@@ -89,20 +105,26 @@ function GiveCard({ character, onError }: { character: CharacterDetail; onError:
   const others = characters?.filter((c) => c.id !== character.id && c.buildStage === 'COMPLETE') ?? [];
   if (others.length === 0) return null;
 
-  // "kind:id" identifies the thing picked; gold has no id.
+  // "kind:id" identifies the thing picked; for coins the id is which coin.
   const [kind, id] = what.split(':');
+  const coin = (kind === 'gold' ? id : 'GOLD') as Currency;
   const heldWeapon = character.weapons.find((w) => w.weaponId === id);
   const heldItem = character.inventoryItems.find((i) => i.itemId === id);
-  const gold = character.gold ?? 0;
-  const max = kind === 'gold' ? gold : kind === 'weapon' ? (heldWeapon?.quantity ?? 0) : kind === 'item' ? (heldItem?.quantity ?? 0) : 1;
+  // A gift of coins is paid from the whole purse, with change, so any coin
+  // the purse is worth at least one of can be given.
+  const held = (c: Currency) => character[COIN_FIELD[c]] ?? 0;
+  const purseInCopper = CURRENCIES.reduce((sum, c) => sum + held(c) * COIN_VALUE[c], 0);
+  const affordable = (c: Currency) => Math.floor(purseInCopper / COIN_VALUE[c]);
+  const coinsHeld = CURRENCIES.filter((c) => affordable(c) > 0);
+  const max = kind === 'gold' ? affordable(coin) : kind === 'weapon' ? (heldWeapon?.quantity ?? 0) : kind === 'item' ? (heldItem?.quantity ?? 0) : 1;
   const count = Math.floor(Number(amount));
   const countOk = kind === 'spell' || (count >= 1 && count <= max);
-  const nothingToGive = gold === 0 && character.weapons.length + character.inventoryItems.length + character.spells.length === 0;
+  const nothingToGive = coinsHeld.length === 0 && character.weapons.length + character.inventoryItems.length + character.spells.length === 0;
 
   function handleGive() {
     const gift: Gift | null =
       kind === 'gold'
-        ? { kind, amount: count }
+        ? { kind, amount: count, currency: coin }
         : kind === 'weapon' || kind === 'item'
           ? { kind, id, quantity: count }
           : kind === 'spell'
@@ -145,7 +167,11 @@ function GiveCard({ character, onError }: { character: CharacterDetail; onError:
             style={{ flex: 2, minWidth: 160 }}
           >
             <option value="">What to give…</option>
-            {gold > 0 && <option value="gold:">Gold ({gold} gp)</option>}
+            {coinsHeld.map((c) => (
+              <option key={c} value={`gold:${c}`}>
+                {COIN_LABELS[c]} ({held(c)} {COIN_SHORT[c]} held)
+              </option>
+            ))}
             {character.weapons.length > 0 && (
               <optgroup label="Weapons">
                 {character.weapons.map((w) => (
@@ -178,8 +204,8 @@ function GiveCard({ character, onError }: { character: CharacterDetail; onError:
             <NumberInput
               min={1}
               max={max}
-              aria-label={kind === 'gold' ? 'How much gold' : 'How many'}
-              title={kind === 'gold' ? 'How much gold' : `How many (up to ${max})`}
+              aria-label={kind === 'gold' ? 'How many coins' : 'How many'}
+              title={`How many (up to ${max})`}
               value={amount}
               onChange={(e) => setAmount(e.target.value)}
               style={{ width: 90 }}
@@ -228,6 +254,7 @@ export function CharacterSheetPage() {
   const patchSpell = usePatchCharacterSpell(characterId);
   const removeSpell = useRemoveCharacterSpell(characterId);
   const adjustGold = useAdjustGold(characterId);
+  const exchangeCoins = useExchangeCoins(characterId);
   const createNote = useCreateNote();
   const { data: campaigns } = useCampaigns();
   const copyCharacter = useCopyCharacter(characterId);
@@ -237,6 +264,10 @@ export function CharacterSheetPage() {
   const [pickedItemId, setPickedItemId] = useState('');
   const [goldAmount, setGoldAmount] = useState('');
   const [goldReason, setGoldReason] = useState('');
+  const [goldCurrency, setGoldCurrency] = useState<Currency>('GOLD');
+  const [exchangeAmount, setExchangeAmount] = useState('');
+  const [exchangeFrom, setExchangeFrom] = useState<Currency>('GOLD');
+  const [exchangeTo, setExchangeTo] = useState<Currency>('SILVER');
   const [noteBody, setNoteBody] = useState('');
   const [pickedWeaponId, setPickedWeaponId] = useState('');
   const [pickedSpellId, setPickedSpellId] = useState('');
@@ -300,7 +331,7 @@ export function CharacterSheetPage() {
     if (!(amount > 0)) return;
     setFormError(null);
     try {
-      await adjustGold.mutateAsync({ amount: sign * amount, reason: goldReason.trim() || undefined });
+      await adjustGold.mutateAsync({ amount: sign * amount, currency: goldCurrency, reason: goldReason.trim() || undefined });
       setGoldAmount('');
       setGoldReason('');
     } catch (err) {
@@ -308,6 +339,18 @@ export function CharacterSheetPage() {
     }
   }
 
+  async function handleExchange() {
+    const amount = Math.floor(Number(exchangeAmount));
+    if (!(amount > 0) || exchangeFrom === exchangeTo) return;
+    setFormError(null);
+    try {
+      await exchangeCoins.mutateAsync({ from: exchangeFrom, to: exchangeTo, amount });
+      setExchangeAmount('');
+    } catch (err) {
+      setFormError(extractErrorMessage(err));
+    }
+  }
+
   async function handleAddNote(e: FormEvent) {
     e.preventDefault();
     if (!noteBody.trim()) return;
@@ -770,19 +813,30 @@ export function CharacterSheetPage() {
       <div className="card mt-md">
         <div className="card-title">
           <span>Money</span>
-          <span className="mono">{character.gold} gp</span>
+          <span className="mono">{formatPurse(character)}</span>
         </div>
+        <p className="subtitle" style={{ marginTop: 0 }}>
+          1 gold = 10 silver = 100 copper. Worth {purseWorthInGold(character)} gold in all. Spending and giving make
+          change for you: if you are short of a coin, a bigger one is broken.
+        </p>
         {canEdit && (
           <div className="flex-row flex-wrap">
             <NumberInput
               min={1}
               max={1000000}
               placeholder="Amount"
-              aria-label="Gold amount"
+              aria-label="Coin amount"
               value={goldAmount}
               onChange={(e) => setGoldAmount(e.target.value)}
               style={{ width: 100 }}
             />
+            <select aria-label="Coin" value={goldCurrency} onChange={(e) => setGoldCurrency(e.target.value as Currency)}>
+              {CURRENCIES.map((c) => (
+                <option key={c} value={c}>
+                  {COIN_LABELS[c]}
+                </option>
+              ))}
+            </select>
             <input
               placeholder="What for? (optional)"
               aria-label="Reason"
@@ -799,19 +853,55 @@ export function CharacterSheetPage() {
             </button>
           </div>
         )}
+        {canEdit && (
+          <div className="flex-row flex-wrap mt-sm">
+            <span className="subtitle">Exchange</span>
+            <NumberInput
+              min={1}
+              max={1000000}
+              placeholder="Amount"
+              aria-label="How many coins to exchange"
+              value={exchangeAmount}
+              onChange={(e) => setExchangeAmount(e.target.value)}
+              style={{ width: 100 }}
+            />
+            <select aria-label="Exchange from" value={exchangeFrom} onChange={(e) => setExchangeFrom(e.target.value as Currency)}>
+              {CURRENCIES.map((c) => (
+                <option key={c} value={c}>
+                  {COIN_LABELS[c]}
+                </option>
+              ))}
+            </select>
+            <span className="subtitle">into</span>
+            <select aria-label="Exchange into" value={exchangeTo} onChange={(e) => setExchangeTo(e.target.value as Currency)}>
+              {CURRENCIES.map((c) => (
+                <option key={c} value={c}>
+                  {COIN_LABELS[c]}
+                </option>
+              ))}
+            </select>
+            <button className="btn" onClick={handleExchange} disabled={!exchangeAmount || exchangeFrom === exchangeTo || exchangeCoins.isPending}>
+              Exchange
+            </button>
+          </div>
+        )}
         <div className="mt-sm">
           {goldLedger?.length === 0 && <p style={{ color: 'var(--text-muted)' }}>No transactions yet.</p>}
           {ledgerPage.pageItems.map((t) => (
             <div key={t.id} className="flex-between" style={{ padding: '0.4rem 0', borderBottom: '1px solid var(--border-soft)' }}>
               <div>
-                <strong className="mono">{t.amount > 0 ? `+${t.amount}` : `−${Math.abs(t.amount)}`}</strong>
+                <strong className="mono">
+                  {t.amount > 0 ? `+${t.amount}` : `−${Math.abs(t.amount)}`} {COIN_SHORT[t.currency ?? 'GOLD']}
+                </strong>
                 <span style={{ marginLeft: 8 }}>{t.reason || (t.amount > 0 ? 'Gained' : 'Spent')}</span>
                 <div style={{ fontSize: '0.75rem', color: 'var(--text-dim)' }}>
                   {t.createdBy ? `${t.createdBy.displayName} · ` : ''}
                   {new Date(t.createdAt).toLocaleString()}
                 </div>
               </div>
-              <span className="mono" style={{ color: 'var(--text-muted)' }}>{t.balanceAfter} gp</span>
+              <span className="mono" style={{ color: 'var(--text-muted)' }}>
+                {t.balanceAfter} {COIN_SHORT[t.currency ?? 'GOLD']}
+              </span>
             </div>
           ))}
         </div>

frontend/src/pages/EncounterPage.tsx

@@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ import { useAuth } from '../auth/AuthContext';
 import { Spinner, ErrorBanner } from '../components/Spinner';
 import { NumberInput } from '../components/NumberInput';
 import { HpBar } from '../components/HpBar';
-import { ABILITY_LABELS, CLASS_LABELS, SPECIES_LABELS, extractErrorMessage, fmtMod, spellLevelLabel } from '../lib/format';
+import { ABILITY_LABELS, CLASS_LABELS, COIN_LABELS, CURRENCIES, SPECIES_LABELS, extractErrorMessage, fmtMod, spellLevelLabel } from '../lib/format';
 import { abilityModifier, scaledDamageDice, MAX_GEAR_LEVEL } from '../lib/previewCalc';
 import type {
   Ability,
   CharacterSummary,
+  Currency,
   Encounter,
   EncounterMode,
   EncounterParticipant,
@@ -94,7 +95,6 @@ function subline(p: EncounterParticipant): string {
 function CombatantCard({
   participant: p,
   isDM,
-  mode,
   isActive,
   onPatch,
   canRollInitiative,
@@ -102,7 +102,6 @@ function CombatantCard({
 }: {
   participant: EncounterParticipant;
   isDM: boolean;
-  mode: EncounterMode;
   isActive: boolean;
   onPatch: (data: Partial<EncounterParticipant>) => void;
   // The DM for anyone; a player for their own character.
@@ -162,8 +161,8 @@ function CombatantCard({
           </div>
           <div className="combatant-sub">{subline(p)}</div>
         </div>
-        {mode === 'BATTLE' &&
-          (canRollInitiative ? (
+        {/* Battles and quests both take initiative: who speaks or acts first matters in either. */}
+        {canRollInitiative ? (
             <label className="flex-row gap-sm" title="Type what the d20 showed (1 to 20). The initiative bonus is added for you.">
               Initiative roll
               <NumberInput
@@ -186,7 +185,7 @@ function CombatantCard({
             </label>
           ) : (
             <StatChip label="Initiative">{p.initiativeRoll == null ? '—' : p.initiative}</StatChip>
-          ))}
+          )}
       </div>
 
       <div className="stat-chips mt-sm">
@@ -381,7 +380,7 @@ function CombatantCard({
 }
 
 function rewardLabel(r: EncounterReward): string {
-  if (r.type === 'GOLD') return `${r.gold} gold`;
+  if (r.type === 'GOLD') return `${r.gold} ${COIN_LABELS[r.currency ?? 'GOLD'].toLowerCase()}`;
   const entry = r.type === 'WEAPON' ? r.weapon : r.item;
   return `${entry?.name ?? 'Removed from the pool'}${r.quantity > 1 ? ` ×${r.quantity}` : ''} · Lv ${r.level}`;
 }
@@ -407,6 +406,7 @@ function RewardsPanel({
 
   const [type, setType] = useState<NewReward['type']>('GOLD');
   const [gold, setGold] = useState('');
+  const [currency, setCurrency] = useState<Currency>('GOLD');
   const [poolId, setPoolId] = useState('');
   const [quantity, setQuantity] = useState('1');
   const [level, setLevel] = useState('');
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ function RewardsPanel({
     if (type === 'GOLD') {
       const amount = Math.floor(Number(gold));
       if (!(amount > 0)) return;
-      reward = { type, gold: amount, ...shared };
+      reward = { type, gold: amount, currency, ...shared };
     } else {
       if (!picked) return;
       const gear = { quantity: Math.max(1, Math.floor(Number(quantity)) || 1), level: level ? Number(level) : undefined, ...shared };
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ function RewardsPanel({
       <div className="card-title">Rewards</div>
       {isDM && rewards.length === 0 && (
         <p className="combatant-sub" style={{ marginTop: 0 }}>
-          Line up gold, weapons and items here. Players only see a reward once you award it.
+          Line up coins, weapons and items here. Players only see a reward once you award it.
         </p>
       )}
       {rewards.map((r) => (
@@ -519,20 +519,29 @@ function RewardsPanel({
                 setLevel('');
               }}
             >
-              <option value="GOLD">Gold</option>
+              <option value="GOLD">Coins</option>
               <option value="WEAPON">Weapon</option>
               <option value="ITEM">Item</option>
             </select>
             {type === 'GOLD' ? (
-              <NumberInput
-                min={1}
-                max={1000000}
-                placeholder="Amount"
-                aria-label="Gold amount"
-                value={gold}
-                onChange={(e) => setGold(e.target.value)}
-                style={{ flex: 1, minWidth: 90 }}
-              />
+              <>
+                <NumberInput
+                  min={1}
+                  max={1000000}
+                  placeholder="Amount"
+                  aria-label="Coin amount"
+                  value={gold}
+                  onChange={(e) => setGold(e.target.value)}
+                  style={{ flex: 1, minWidth: 90 }}
+                />
+                <select aria-label="Coin" value={currency} onChange={(e) => setCurrency(e.target.value as Currency)}>
+                  {CURRENCIES.map((c) => (
+                    <option key={c} value={c}>
+                      {COIN_LABELS[c]}
+                    </option>
+                  ))}
+                </select>
+              </>
             ) : (
               <>
                 <select
@@ -655,7 +664,6 @@ export function EncounterPage() {
       key={p.id}
       participant={p}
       isDM={isDM}
-      mode={encounter.mode}
       isActive={p.id === active?.id}
       onPatch={(data) => patchParticipant.mutate({ participantId: p.id, ...data }, fail)}
       canRollInitiative={isDM || (p.character != null && p.character.userId === user?.id)}
@@ -663,7 +671,8 @@ export function EncounterPage() {
     />
   );
 
-  // A quest scene is grouped by who is there rather than by initiative.
+  // A quest scene is grouped by who is there; within each group the order is
+  // still initiative, highest first.
   const groups: [string, EncounterParticipant[]][] = isBattle
     ? [['Initiative order', participants]]
     : [
@@ -839,18 +848,16 @@ export function EncounterPage() {
                 </select>
               </div>
               <div className="flex-row gap-sm mt-sm">
-                {isBattle && (
-                  <NumberInput
-                    min={1}
-                    max={20}
-                    placeholder="Initiative roll (d20)"
-                    title="What the d20 showed, 1 to 20. Leave empty to roll later; the bonus is added for you."
-                    aria-label="Initiative roll"
-                    value={initiative}
-                    onChange={(e) => setInitiative(e.target.value)}
-                    style={{ flex: 1, minWidth: 0 }}
-                  />
-                )}
+                <NumberInput
+                  min={1}
+                  max={20}
+                  placeholder="Initiative roll (d20)"
+                  title="What the d20 showed, 1 to 20. Leave empty to roll later; the bonus is added for you."
+                  aria-label="Initiative roll"
+                  value={initiative}
+                  onChange={(e) => setInitiative(e.target.value)}
+                  style={{ flex: 1, minWidth: 0 }}
+                />
                 <button className="btn btn-primary" onClick={handleAdd} disabled={!pickId || addParticipant.isPending}>
                   Add
                 </button>

frontend/src/pages/PartyOverviewPage.tsx

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { useCampaignSocket } from '../hooks/useCampaignSocket';
 import { Spinner, ErrorBanner } from '../components/Spinner';
 import { usePagination, Pagination } from '../components/Paginated';
 import { InfoTip } from '../components/InfoTip';
-import { CLASS_LABELS, SPECIES_LABELS } from '../lib/format';
+import { CLASS_LABELS, SPECIES_LABELS, formatPurse } from '../lib/format';
 import { HpBar } from '../components/HpBar';
 import { speciesIcon } from '../lib/speciesIcons';
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ export function PartyOverviewPage() {
                 <th>
                   AC <InfoTip term="AC" />
                 </th>
-                <th>Gold</th>
+                <th>Coins</th>
                 <th>Location</th>
               </tr>
             </thead>
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ export function PartyOverviewPage() {
                       )}
                     </td>
                     <td>{c.armorClass ?? '—'}</td>
-                    <td className="mono">{c.gold ?? '—'}</td>
+                    <td className="mono">{c.gold == null ? '—' : formatPurse(c)}</td>
                     <td>{c.currentLocationName ? `📍 ${c.currentLocationName}` : '—'}</td>
                   </tr>
                 );

package-lock.json

@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 {
   "name": "dnd-campaign-manager",
-  "version": "1.3.0",
+  "version": "1.4.0",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "dnd-campaign-manager",
-      "version": "1.3.0",
+      "version": "1.4.0",
       "workspaces": [
         "backend",
         "frontend"
       ]
     },
     "backend": {
-      "version": "1.3.0",
+      "version": "1.4.0",
       "dependencies": {
         "@prisma/client": "^5.20.0",
         "bcrypt": "^5.1.1",
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
       }
     },
     "frontend": {
-      "version": "1.3.0",
+      "version": "1.4.0",
       "dependencies": {
         "@tanstack/react-query": "^5.103.2",
         "axios": "^1.20.0",

package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "dnd-campaign-manager",
-  "version": "1.3.0",
+  "version": "1.4.0",
   "private": true,
   "description": "D&D 5e campaign manager — monorepo root",
   "workspaces": [